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The Economics of Association Football
This authoritative two volume collection pulls together the work of leading sports economists over the last five decades to answer these and other questions using consumer theory, labour economics, industrial organisation and a range of other theoretical insights combined with econometric analysis. These innovative volumes bring together a careful synthesis of applied economics that will be of interest to all those concerned with analysing the real world.
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Critical Acclaim
Contributors
Contents
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The football industry has long been the subject of theoretical and empirical analysis by economists. A study of the economics of football throws up a range of intriguing questions – from what determines the level of attendance at football matches to how efficient football managers are in producing team performance, given the playing resources available. This important collection considers these and other questions – such as: What drives the transfer value of players? How has the changing structure of football’s labour market affected sporting and financial outcomes? How effective have football leagues been in maintaining competitive balance? Do football clubs seek to maximise profits? How predictable are football matches? Is the football betting market efficient?
This authoritative two volume collection pulls together the work of leading sports economists over the last five decades to answer these and other questions using consumer theory, labour economics, industrial organisation and a range of other theoretical insights combined with econometric analysis. These innovative volumes bring together a careful synthesis of applied economics that will be of interest to all those concerned with analysing the real world.
This authoritative two volume collection pulls together the work of leading sports economists over the last five decades to answer these and other questions using consumer theory, labour economics, industrial organisation and a range of other theoretical insights combined with econometric analysis. These innovative volumes bring together a careful synthesis of applied economics that will be of interest to all those concerned with analysing the real world.
Critical Acclaim
‘The Economics of Association Football has a well-deserved spot on my bookshelf. In a technically competent and eminently readable style, with many new insights, Professor Gerrard provides the essential converge (demand, supply, labor, league structure, industrial performance) and much more. We get the first comprehensive treatment of betting market efficiency determined by actual match outcomes. And we are all better off from his impressive comparison of open leagues (promotion and relegation) and closed leagues (North American style). In the vernacular “a master on the sports business pitch scores a clear goal”.’
– Rodney D. Fort, Washington State University, US
– Rodney D. Fort, Washington State University, US
Contributors
53 articles, dating from 1969 to 2005
Contributors include: R. Audas, F. Carmichael, S.M. Dobson, D. Forrest, J.A. Goddard, N. Jennett, D.A. Peel, R. Simmons, P.J. Sloane, S. Szymanski
Contributors include: R. Audas, F. Carmichael, S.M. Dobson, D. Forrest, J.A. Goddard, N. Jennett, D.A. Peel, R. Simmons, P.J. Sloane, S. Szymanski
Contents
Contents:
Volume I
Acknowledgements
Introduction Bill Gerrard
PART I ATTENDANCE DEMAND
1. R.A. Hart, J. Hutton and T. Sharot (1975), ‘A Statistical Analysis of Association Football Attendances’
2. Peter J.W.N. Bird (1982), ‘The Demand for League Football’
3. Nicholas Jennett (1984), ‘Attendances, Uncertainty of Outcome and Policy in Scottish League Football’
4. Bruce Walker (1986), ‘The Demand for Professional League Football and the Success of Football League Teams: Some City Size Effects’
5. David Peel and Dennis Thomas (1988), ‘Outcome Uncertainty and the Demand for Football: An Analysis of Match Attendances in the English Football League’
6. S.M. Dobson and J.A. Goddard (1992), ‘The Demand for Standing and Seated Viewing Accommodation in the English Football League’
7. S.M. Dobson and J.A. Goddard (1995), ‘The Demand for Professional League Football in England and Wales, 1925–92’
8. Mark Baimbridge, Samuel Cameron and Peter Dawson (1996), ‘Satellite Television and the Demand for Football: A Whole New Ball Game?’
9. Robert Simmons (1996), ‘The Demand for English League Football: A Club-level Analysis’
10. David Forrest and Robert Simmons (2002), ‘Outcome Uncertainty and Attendance Demand in Sport: The Case of English Soccer’
11. David Forrest, Robert Simmons and Patrick Feehan (2002), ‘A Spatial Cross-sectional Analysis of the Elasticity of Demand for Soccer’
PART II THE SPORTING PRODUCTION FUNCTION
12. Richard Audas, Stephen Dobson and John Goddard (1997), ‘Team Performance and Managerial Change in the English Football League’
13. Rick Audas, Stephen Dobson and John Goddard (1999), ‘Organizational Performance and Managerial Turnover’
14. Fiona Carmichael, Dennis Thomas and Robert Ward (2000), ‘Team Performance: The Case of English Premiership Football’
15. Peter Dawson, Stephen Dobson and Bill Gerrard (2000), ‘Estimating Coaching Efficiency in Professional Team Sports: Evidence from English Association Football’
16. Dieter J. Haas (2003), ‘Technical Efficiency in the Major League Soccer’
17. R.H. Koning (2003), ‘An Econometric Evaluation of the Effect of Firing a Coach on Team Performance’
PART III THE FOOTBALL PLAYERS’ LABOUR MARKET AND TRANSFER SYSTEM
18. Peter J. Sloane (1969), ‘The Labour Market in Professional Football’
19. F. Carmichael and D. Thomas (1993), ‘Bargaining in the Transfer Market: Theory and Evidence’
20. Robert Simmons (1997), ‘Implications of the Bosman Ruling for Football Transfer Markets’
21. Alan Speight and Dennis Thomas (1997), ‘Arbitrator Decision-making in the Transfer Market: An Empirical Analysis’
22. Fiona Carmichael, David Forrest and Robert Simmons (1999), ‘The Labour Market in Association Football: Who Gets Transferred and For How Much?’
23. Peter Antonioni and John Cubbin (2000), ‘The Bosman Ruling and the Emergence of a Single Market in Soccer Talent’
24. Thomas Ericson (2000), ‘The Bosman Case: Effects on the Abolition of the Transfer Fee’
25. Bill Gerrard and Steve Dobson (2000), ‘Testing for Monopoly Rents in the Market for Playing Talent: Evidence from English Professional Football’
26. Stefan Szymanski (2000), ‘A Market Test for Discrimination in the English Professional Soccer Leagues’
27. Spiros Bougheas and Paul Downward (2003), ‘The Economics of Professional Sports Leagues: Some Insights on the Reform of Transfer Markets’
28. Eberhard Feess and Gerd Muehlheusser (2003), ‘Transfer Fee Regulations in European Football’
29. Claudio Lucifora and Rob Simmons (2003), ‘Superstar Effects in Sport: Evidence from Italian Soccer’
Name Index
Volume II
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to both volumes appears in Volume I
PART I COMPETITIVE BALANCE AND LEAGUE STRUCTURE
1. N. Jennett and P.J. Sloane (1985), ‘The Future League Football: A Critique of the Report of the Chester Committee of Enquiry’
2. John A. Cairns (1987), ‘Evaluating Changes in League Structure: The Reorganization of the Scottish Football League’
3. Thomas Hoehn and Stefan Szymanski (1999), ‘The Americanization of European Football’
4. Stefan Szymanski (2001), ‘Income Inequality, Competitive Balance and the Attractiveness of Team Sports: Some Evidence and a Natural Experiment from English Soccer’
5. Roger G. Noll (2002), ‘The Economics of Promotion and Relegation in Sports Leagues: The Case of English Football’
6. Luigi Buzzacchi, Stefan Szymanski and Tommaso M. Valletti (2003), ‘Equality of Opportunity and Equality of Outcome: Open Leagues, Closed Leagues and Competitive Balance’
7. Stephen Dobson and John Goddard (2004), ‘Revenue Divergence and Competitive Balance in a Divisional Sports League’
PART II INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE
8. Peter J. Sloane (1971), ‘The Economics of Professional Football: The Football Club as a Utility Maximiser’
9. Stefan Szymanski and Ron Smith (1997), ‘The English Football Industry: Profit, Performance and Industrial Structure’
10. S.M. Dobson and J.A. Goddard (1998), ‘Performance and Revenue in Professional League Football: Evidence from Granger Causality Tests’
11. Stephen Dobson and John Goddard (1998), ‘Performance, Revenue, and Cross Subsidization in the Football League, 1927–1994’
12. Stephen Dobson, John Goddard and Carlyn Ramlogan (2001), ‘Revenue Convergence in the English Soccer League’
13. Stephen Hall, Stefan Szymanski and Andrew S. Zimbalist (2002), ‘Testing Causality Between Team Performance and Payroll: The Cases of Major League Baseball and English Soccer’
14. Bill Gerrard (2005), ‘A Resource-Utilization Model of Organizational Efficiency in Professional Sports Teams’
PART III MATCH PREDICTION AND BETTING MARKET EFFICIENCY
15. Peter F. Pope and David A. Peel (1989), ‘Information, Prices and Efficiency in a Fixed-Odds Betting Market’
16. Mark J. Dixon and Stuart G. Coles (1997), ‘Modelling Association Football Scores and Inefficiencies in the Football Betting Market’
17. Michael Cain, David Law and David Peel (2000), ‘The Favourite-longshot Bias and Market Efficiency in UK Football Betting’
18. David Forrest and Robert Simmons (2000), ‘Forecasting Sport: The Behaviour and Performance of Football Tipsters’
19. David Forrest and Robert Simmons (2000), ‘Making Up the Results: The Work of the Football Pools Panel, 1963–1997’
20. Tim Kuypers (2000), ‘Information and Efficiency: An Empirical Study of a Fixed Odds Betting Market’
21. Martin Crowder, Mark Dixon, Anthony Ledford and Mike Robinson (2002), ‘Dynamic Modelling and Prediction of English Football League Matches for Betting’
PART IV INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
22. Ruud H. Koning (2000), ‘Balance in Competition in Dutch Soccer’
23. Jaume García and Plácido Rodríguez (2002), ‘The Determinants of Football Match Attendance Revisited: Empirical Evidence From the Spanish Football League’
24. Manuel Espitia-Escuer and Lucía Isabel García-Cebrián (2004), ‘Measuring the Efficiency of Spanish First-Division Soccer Teams’
Name Index
Volume I
Acknowledgements
Introduction Bill Gerrard
PART I ATTENDANCE DEMAND
1. R.A. Hart, J. Hutton and T. Sharot (1975), ‘A Statistical Analysis of Association Football Attendances’
2. Peter J.W.N. Bird (1982), ‘The Demand for League Football’
3. Nicholas Jennett (1984), ‘Attendances, Uncertainty of Outcome and Policy in Scottish League Football’
4. Bruce Walker (1986), ‘The Demand for Professional League Football and the Success of Football League Teams: Some City Size Effects’
5. David Peel and Dennis Thomas (1988), ‘Outcome Uncertainty and the Demand for Football: An Analysis of Match Attendances in the English Football League’
6. S.M. Dobson and J.A. Goddard (1992), ‘The Demand for Standing and Seated Viewing Accommodation in the English Football League’
7. S.M. Dobson and J.A. Goddard (1995), ‘The Demand for Professional League Football in England and Wales, 1925–92’
8. Mark Baimbridge, Samuel Cameron and Peter Dawson (1996), ‘Satellite Television and the Demand for Football: A Whole New Ball Game?’
9. Robert Simmons (1996), ‘The Demand for English League Football: A Club-level Analysis’
10. David Forrest and Robert Simmons (2002), ‘Outcome Uncertainty and Attendance Demand in Sport: The Case of English Soccer’
11. David Forrest, Robert Simmons and Patrick Feehan (2002), ‘A Spatial Cross-sectional Analysis of the Elasticity of Demand for Soccer’
PART II THE SPORTING PRODUCTION FUNCTION
12. Richard Audas, Stephen Dobson and John Goddard (1997), ‘Team Performance and Managerial Change in the English Football League’
13. Rick Audas, Stephen Dobson and John Goddard (1999), ‘Organizational Performance and Managerial Turnover’
14. Fiona Carmichael, Dennis Thomas and Robert Ward (2000), ‘Team Performance: The Case of English Premiership Football’
15. Peter Dawson, Stephen Dobson and Bill Gerrard (2000), ‘Estimating Coaching Efficiency in Professional Team Sports: Evidence from English Association Football’
16. Dieter J. Haas (2003), ‘Technical Efficiency in the Major League Soccer’
17. R.H. Koning (2003), ‘An Econometric Evaluation of the Effect of Firing a Coach on Team Performance’
PART III THE FOOTBALL PLAYERS’ LABOUR MARKET AND TRANSFER SYSTEM
18. Peter J. Sloane (1969), ‘The Labour Market in Professional Football’
19. F. Carmichael and D. Thomas (1993), ‘Bargaining in the Transfer Market: Theory and Evidence’
20. Robert Simmons (1997), ‘Implications of the Bosman Ruling for Football Transfer Markets’
21. Alan Speight and Dennis Thomas (1997), ‘Arbitrator Decision-making in the Transfer Market: An Empirical Analysis’
22. Fiona Carmichael, David Forrest and Robert Simmons (1999), ‘The Labour Market in Association Football: Who Gets Transferred and For How Much?’
23. Peter Antonioni and John Cubbin (2000), ‘The Bosman Ruling and the Emergence of a Single Market in Soccer Talent’
24. Thomas Ericson (2000), ‘The Bosman Case: Effects on the Abolition of the Transfer Fee’
25. Bill Gerrard and Steve Dobson (2000), ‘Testing for Monopoly Rents in the Market for Playing Talent: Evidence from English Professional Football’
26. Stefan Szymanski (2000), ‘A Market Test for Discrimination in the English Professional Soccer Leagues’
27. Spiros Bougheas and Paul Downward (2003), ‘The Economics of Professional Sports Leagues: Some Insights on the Reform of Transfer Markets’
28. Eberhard Feess and Gerd Muehlheusser (2003), ‘Transfer Fee Regulations in European Football’
29. Claudio Lucifora and Rob Simmons (2003), ‘Superstar Effects in Sport: Evidence from Italian Soccer’
Name Index
Volume II
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to both volumes appears in Volume I
PART I COMPETITIVE BALANCE AND LEAGUE STRUCTURE
1. N. Jennett and P.J. Sloane (1985), ‘The Future League Football: A Critique of the Report of the Chester Committee of Enquiry’
2. John A. Cairns (1987), ‘Evaluating Changes in League Structure: The Reorganization of the Scottish Football League’
3. Thomas Hoehn and Stefan Szymanski (1999), ‘The Americanization of European Football’
4. Stefan Szymanski (2001), ‘Income Inequality, Competitive Balance and the Attractiveness of Team Sports: Some Evidence and a Natural Experiment from English Soccer’
5. Roger G. Noll (2002), ‘The Economics of Promotion and Relegation in Sports Leagues: The Case of English Football’
6. Luigi Buzzacchi, Stefan Szymanski and Tommaso M. Valletti (2003), ‘Equality of Opportunity and Equality of Outcome: Open Leagues, Closed Leagues and Competitive Balance’
7. Stephen Dobson and John Goddard (2004), ‘Revenue Divergence and Competitive Balance in a Divisional Sports League’
PART II INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE
8. Peter J. Sloane (1971), ‘The Economics of Professional Football: The Football Club as a Utility Maximiser’
9. Stefan Szymanski and Ron Smith (1997), ‘The English Football Industry: Profit, Performance and Industrial Structure’
10. S.M. Dobson and J.A. Goddard (1998), ‘Performance and Revenue in Professional League Football: Evidence from Granger Causality Tests’
11. Stephen Dobson and John Goddard (1998), ‘Performance, Revenue, and Cross Subsidization in the Football League, 1927–1994’
12. Stephen Dobson, John Goddard and Carlyn Ramlogan (2001), ‘Revenue Convergence in the English Soccer League’
13. Stephen Hall, Stefan Szymanski and Andrew S. Zimbalist (2002), ‘Testing Causality Between Team Performance and Payroll: The Cases of Major League Baseball and English Soccer’
14. Bill Gerrard (2005), ‘A Resource-Utilization Model of Organizational Efficiency in Professional Sports Teams’
PART III MATCH PREDICTION AND BETTING MARKET EFFICIENCY
15. Peter F. Pope and David A. Peel (1989), ‘Information, Prices and Efficiency in a Fixed-Odds Betting Market’
16. Mark J. Dixon and Stuart G. Coles (1997), ‘Modelling Association Football Scores and Inefficiencies in the Football Betting Market’
17. Michael Cain, David Law and David Peel (2000), ‘The Favourite-longshot Bias and Market Efficiency in UK Football Betting’
18. David Forrest and Robert Simmons (2000), ‘Forecasting Sport: The Behaviour and Performance of Football Tipsters’
19. David Forrest and Robert Simmons (2000), ‘Making Up the Results: The Work of the Football Pools Panel, 1963–1997’
20. Tim Kuypers (2000), ‘Information and Efficiency: An Empirical Study of a Fixed Odds Betting Market’
21. Martin Crowder, Mark Dixon, Anthony Ledford and Mike Robinson (2002), ‘Dynamic Modelling and Prediction of English Football League Matches for Betting’
PART IV INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
22. Ruud H. Koning (2000), ‘Balance in Competition in Dutch Soccer’
23. Jaume García and Plácido Rodríguez (2002), ‘The Determinants of Football Match Attendance Revisited: Empirical Evidence From the Spanish Football League’
24. Manuel Espitia-Escuer and Lucía Isabel García-Cebrián (2004), ‘Measuring the Efficiency of Spanish First-Division Soccer Teams’
Name Index
