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The Economic Development of South Asia
This three-volume set brings together a comprehensive selection of papers on development policy making and economic performance in the five major economies in South Asia – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka – during the past half a century of the post colonial era.
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Critical Acclaim
Contributors
Contents
More Information
This three-volume set brings together a comprehensive selection of papers on development policy making and economic performance in the five major economies in South Asia – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka – during the past half a century of the post colonial era.
Volume I covers economic conditions at the time of independence, and broader patterns of economic development against the backdrop of policy transition from import-substitution strategy to economic restructuring through liberalisation, and the underlying political economy. The next two volumes are arranged thematically: Volume II covers agriculture and the rural economy, industrialisation and finance and development and Volume III deals with the external dimension of development, population dynamics and human resource development, and poverty and income distribution.
The economic debates in South Asia, particularly in India, have been wide-ranging and intellectually stimulating, with active participation of a number of pioneers in development economics. The existing knowledge on a number of key issues, such as the role of development planning, foreign trade regimes and economic development, the political economy of rent-seeking, choice of technology, causes of famines, sex bias in poverty, and poverty and public policy, have been shaped significantly by the South Asian experience. This three-volume set will therefore be a valuable reference not only for the South Asian specialist but also for all students and practitioners in the field of economic development.
Volume I covers economic conditions at the time of independence, and broader patterns of economic development against the backdrop of policy transition from import-substitution strategy to economic restructuring through liberalisation, and the underlying political economy. The next two volumes are arranged thematically: Volume II covers agriculture and the rural economy, industrialisation and finance and development and Volume III deals with the external dimension of development, population dynamics and human resource development, and poverty and income distribution.
The economic debates in South Asia, particularly in India, have been wide-ranging and intellectually stimulating, with active participation of a number of pioneers in development economics. The existing knowledge on a number of key issues, such as the role of development planning, foreign trade regimes and economic development, the political economy of rent-seeking, choice of technology, causes of famines, sex bias in poverty, and poverty and public policy, have been shaped significantly by the South Asian experience. This three-volume set will therefore be a valuable reference not only for the South Asian specialist but also for all students and practitioners in the field of economic development.
Critical Acclaim
‘Professor Athukorala is one of the world’s leading experts on the economies of South Asia. He has gathered together in these volumes a remarkable collection of nearly 100 essays covering such topics as agriculture, industrialisation, population, poverty and income distribution, import substitution, liberalisation, financial development, trade and investment. The list of contributors reads like a Who’s Who in economics. Anyone wanting to understand the economic development of South Asia would be wise to use these volumes as their first port of call.’
– Tony Thirlwall, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK
– Tony Thirlwall, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK
Contributors
95 articles, dating from 1951 to 2001
Contributors include: P. Bardhan, P.T. Bauer, J.N. Bhagwati, B.H. Farmer, J.R. Hicks, I.M.D. Little, A. Maddison, G. Myrdal, A. Sen, T.N. Srinivasan
Contributors include: P. Bardhan, P.T. Bauer, J.N. Bhagwati, B.H. Farmer, J.R. Hicks, I.M.D. Little, A. Maddison, G. Myrdal, A. Sen, T.N. Srinivasan
Contents
Contents:
Volume I
Acknowledgements
Introduction Prema-chandra Athukorala
PART I INITIAL CONDITIONS
1. B.H. Farmer (1993), ‘The British Period, the Coming of Independence and Partition’
2. P.T. Bauer (1961), ‘Aspects of the Indian Economy’
3. Walter Godfrey (1951), ‘General’
4. Nurul Islam (1974), ‘The State and Prospects of the Bangladesh Economy’
5. J.R. Hicks (1959), ‘Reflections on the Economic Problems of Ceylon’
6. Joan Robinson (1959), ‘Economic Possibilities of Ceylon’
PART II THE ERA OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
7. John P. Lewis (1962), ‘Basic Development Strategy’
8. Sukhamoy Chakravarty (1987), ‘Foundations of India’s Development Strategy: The Nehru-Mahalanobis Approach’
9. I.M.D. Little (1960), ‘The Strategy of Indian Development’
10. Meghnad Desai (1998), ‘Development Perspectives: Was there an Alternative to Mahalanobis?’
11. Angus Maddison (1971), ‘Reasons for the Acceleration of Economic Growth since Independence’
12. Amartya Sen (1986), ‘How Is India Doing?’
13. Jagdish Bhagwati (1998), ‘The Design of Indian Development’
14. Swadesh R. Bose (1983), ‘The Pakistan Economy Since Independence (1947-70)’
15. Alia Ahmad (1993), ‘Economic Reforms Under an Import-Substitution Regime: The Experience of Bangladesh’
16. Sarath Rajapatirana (1988), ‘Foreign Trade and Economic Development: Sri Lanka’s Experience’
17. Donald R. Snodgrass (1974), ‘Sri Lanka’s Economic Development During Twenty-five Years of Independence’
PART III LIBERALIZATION AND ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT
18. Arvind Panagariya (1999), ‘Trade Policy in South Asia: Recent Liberalisation and Future Agenda’
19. I.M.D. Little (1996), ‘India’s Economic Reforms 1991–96’
20. Nirupam Bajpai and Jeffrey D. Sachs (1997), ‘India’s Economic Reforms: Some Lessons from East Asia’
21. Deepak Lal (1995), ‘India and China: Contrasts in Economic Liberalization?’
22. Prabhat Patnaik and C.P. Chandrasekhar (1998), ‘India: Dirigisme, Structural Adjustment, and the Radical Alternative’
23. Keith Griffin (1998), ‘Comment on "India: Dirigisme, Structural Adjustment, and the Radical Alternative"’
24. M. Ghaffar Chaudhry (1995), ‘Economic Liberalization of Pakistan’s Economy: Trends and Repercussions’
25. Pradumna B. Rana (1997), ‘Reforms in Bangladesh: A Comparative Assessment in Relation to Other South Asian Countries’
26. Mario I. Blejer and Gyorgy Szapary (1991), ‘The "Gulliver Effect" and the "Optimal Divergence" Approach to Trade Policies: The Case of Nepal’
27. Donald R. Snodgrass (1999), ‘The Economic Development of Sri Lanka: A Tale of Missed Opportunities’
PART IV THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DEVELOPMENT POLICY
28. Pranab Bardhan (1984/1998), ‘Epilogue: The Political Economy of Reform in India’
29. Vijay Joshi (1995), ‘Democracy and Development in India’
30. Gunnar Myrdal (1968), ‘Corruption – Its Causes and Effects’
31. George Rosen (1982), ‘Gandhian Economics: A Schumpeterian Perspective’
32. Fahimul Quadir (2000), ‘The Political Economy of Pro-market Reforms in Bangladesh: Regime Consolidation through Economic Liberalization?’
33. Mick Moore (1990), ‘Economic Liberalization versus Political Pluralism in Sri Lanka?’
34. David Dunham and Saman Kelegama (1997), ‘Does Leadership Matter in the Economic Reform Process? Liberalization and Governance in Sri Lanka, 1989–93’
35. George Rosen (1987), ‘Western Economists in South Asia: Some Afterthoughts on an Experience’
Name Index
Volume II
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to all three volumes appears in Volume I
PART I AGRICULTURE AND THE RURAL ECONOMY
1. Raisuddin Ahmed (1996), ‘Agricultural Market Reforms in South Asia’
2. S.K. Jayasuriya and R.T. Shand (1986), ‘Technical Change and Labor Absorption in Asian Agriculture: Some Emerging Trends’
3. B.H. Farmer (1979), ‘The “Green Revolution” in South Asian Ricefields: Environment and Production’
4. Ashok Gulati (1999), ‘Economic Reforms and the Rural Sector in India’
5. Mark W. Rosegrant and Robert E. Evenson (1993), ‘Agricultural Productivity Growth in Pakistan and India: A Comparative Analysis’
6. Mohammad Alauddin and Clem Tisdell (1995), ‘Labor Absorption and Agricultural Development: Bangladesh’s Experience and Predicament’
7. Gamani Corea (1973), ‘Economic Planning, the Green Revolution and the "Food Drive" in Ceylon’
8. David Dunham (1993), ‘Crop Diversification and Export Growth: Dynamics of Change in the Sri Lankan Peasant Sector’
PART II INDUSTRIALIZATION
9. Ian M.D. Little (1982), ‘Indian Industrialization Before 1945’
10. Anne O. Krueger (1975), ‘Industrial Development Policies in India’
11. Isher Judge Ahluwalia (1994), ‘The Role of Trade Policy in Indian Industrialization’
12. Ranadev Banerji and James Riedel (1980), ‘Industrial Employment Expansion under Alternative Trade Strategies: Case of India and Taiwan: 1950–1970’
13. Pravin Krishna and Devashish Mitra (1998), ‘Trade Liberalization, Market Discipline and Productivity Growth: New Evidence from India’
14. Deepak Nayyar (1994), ‘Industrial Development in India: Some Reflections on Growth and Stagnation’
15. Ashok V. Desai (1980), ‘The Origin and Direction of Industrial R&D in India’
16. Homi Katrak (1997), ‘Developing Countries’ Imports of Technology, In-house Technological Capabilities and Efforts: An Analysis of the Indian Experience’
17. Shahnaz Rauf (1994), ‘Structure of Large-scale Manufacturing Industries of Pakistan (1950–1988)’
18. A.R. Kemal (1993), ‘Why Do Small Firms Fail to Graduate to Medium and Large Firms in Pakistan?’
19. Masihur Rahman and Zaid Bakht (1997), ‘Constraints to Industrial Development: Recent Reforms and Future Directions’
20. Prema-chandra Athukorala and Sarath Rajapatirana (2000), ‘Liberalization and Industrial Transformation: Lessons from the Sri Lankan Experience’
PART III FINANCIAL FACTORS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
21. Kunal Sen and Rajendra R. Vaidya (1998), ‘India’
22. Savak S. Tarapore (1998), ‘An Indian Approach to Capital-Account Convertibility’
23. Norman Loayza and Rashmi Shankar (2000), ‘Private Saving in India’
24. Clive Bell (1990), ‘Interactions between Institutional and Informal Credit Agencies in Rural India’
25. Muhammad Yunus (1998), ‘Poverty Alleviation: Is Economics any Help? Lessons from the Grameen Bank Experience’
26. John Thornton and Sri Ram Poudyal (1990), ‘Money and Capital in Economic Development: A Test of the McKinnon Hypothesis for Nepal’
27. Deena Khatkhate (1982), ‘Anatomy of Financial Retardation in a Less Developed Country: The Case of Sri Lanka, 1951–1976’
28. Premachandra Athukorala and Sarath Rajapatirana (1993), ‘Liberalization of the Domestic Financial Market: Theoretical Issues with Evidence from Sri Lanka’
Name Index
Volume III
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to all three volumes appears in Volume I
PART I INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS: TRADE, AID AND INVESTMENT
1. T.N. Srinivasan (1998), ‘India’s Export Performance: A Comparative Analysis’
2. Sanjaya Lall (1999), ‘India’s Manufactured Exports: Comparative Structure and Prospects’
3. Prema-chandra Athukorala (2000), ‘Manufactured Exports and Terms of Trade of Developing Countries: Evidence from Sri Lanka’
4. John W. Mellor (1976), ‘The Legacy of Foreign Aid’
5. Narayan Khadka (2000), ‘U.S. Aid to Nepal in the Cold War Period: Lessons for the Future’
6. Sanjaya Lall (1993), ‘Foreign Direct Investment in South Asia’
7. Suma Athreye and Sandeep Kapur (2001), ‘Private Foreign Investment in India: Pain or Panacea?’
8. Stephen Guisinger (1997), ‘The Effects of the Foreign Direct Investment Liberalisation on Pakistan’
9. M. Yunus Ali (1999), ‘Economic Liberalisation and Growth in Bangladesh: The Role of Foreign Private Investment’
10. Ramesh Chitrakar and John Weiss (1995), ‘Foreign Investment in Nepal in the 1980s: A Cost Benefit Evaluation’
11. Premachandra Athukorala (1995), ‘Foreign Direct Investment and Manufacturing for Export in a New Exporting Country: The Case of Sri Lanka’
PART II POPULATION DYNAMICS AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
12. Mamta Murthi, Anne-Catherine Guio and Jean Drèze (1995), ‘Mortality, Fertility, and Gender Bias in India: A District-level Analysis’
13. John C. Caldwell, Barkat-e-Khuda, Bruce Caldwell, Indrani Pieris and Pat Caldwell (1999), ‘The Bangladesh Fertility Decline: An Interpretation’
14. C.M. Langford (1996), ‘Reasons for the Decline in Mortality in Sri Lanka Immediately After the Second World War: A Re-examination of the Evidence’
15. Ranjan Ray (2000), ‘Child Labor, Child Schooling, and Their Interaction with Adult Labor: Empirical Evidence for Peru and Pakistan’
16. Sanat Kumar Saha (1996), ‘Literacy and Development in South Asia’
17. Mahabub Hossain (1990), ‘Returns from Education in Rural Bangladesh’
18. Peter R. Moock and Joanne Leslie (1986), ‘Childhood Malnutrition and Schooling in the Terai Region of Nepal’
PART III POVERTY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
19. Jagdish N. Bhagwati (1988), ‘Poverty and Public Policy’
20. Kaushik Basu (1995), ‘The Elimination of Endemic Poverty in South Asia: Some Policy Options’
21. T.N. Srinivasan (2000), ‘Poverty and Undernutrition in South Asia’
22. Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen (1989), ‘China and India’
23. Martin Ravallion (2000), ‘Prices, Wages and Poverty in Rural India: What Lessons do the Time Series Data Hold for Policy?’
24. Stephen Guisinger and Norman L. Hicks (1978), ‘Long-term Trends in Income Distribution in Pakistan’
25. Gustav Ranis and Frances Stewart (1997), ‘Growth and Human Development: Pakistan in Comparative Perspective’
26. Akhter U. Ahmed, Haider A. Khan and Rajan K. Sampath (1991), ‘Poverty in Bangladesh: Measurement, Decomposition and Intertemporal Comparison’
27. Rizwanul Islam (1984), ‘Poverty and Income Distribution in Rural Nepal’
28. W.D. Lakshman (1975), ‘Economic Growth and Redistributive Justice As Policy Goals: A Study of the Recent Experience of Sri Lanka’
29. Surjit S. Bhalla (1988), ‘Is Sri Lanka an Exception? A Comparative Study of Living Standards’
30. Amartya Sen (1988), ‘Sri Lanka’s Achievements: How and When’
31. David Dunham and Sisira Jayasuriya (2000), ‘Equity, Growth and Insurrection: Liberalization and the Welfare Debate in Contemporary Sri Lanka’
Name Index
Volume I
Acknowledgements
Introduction Prema-chandra Athukorala
PART I INITIAL CONDITIONS
1. B.H. Farmer (1993), ‘The British Period, the Coming of Independence and Partition’
2. P.T. Bauer (1961), ‘Aspects of the Indian Economy’
3. Walter Godfrey (1951), ‘General’
4. Nurul Islam (1974), ‘The State and Prospects of the Bangladesh Economy’
5. J.R. Hicks (1959), ‘Reflections on the Economic Problems of Ceylon’
6. Joan Robinson (1959), ‘Economic Possibilities of Ceylon’
PART II THE ERA OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
7. John P. Lewis (1962), ‘Basic Development Strategy’
8. Sukhamoy Chakravarty (1987), ‘Foundations of India’s Development Strategy: The Nehru-Mahalanobis Approach’
9. I.M.D. Little (1960), ‘The Strategy of Indian Development’
10. Meghnad Desai (1998), ‘Development Perspectives: Was there an Alternative to Mahalanobis?’
11. Angus Maddison (1971), ‘Reasons for the Acceleration of Economic Growth since Independence’
12. Amartya Sen (1986), ‘How Is India Doing?’
13. Jagdish Bhagwati (1998), ‘The Design of Indian Development’
14. Swadesh R. Bose (1983), ‘The Pakistan Economy Since Independence (1947-70)’
15. Alia Ahmad (1993), ‘Economic Reforms Under an Import-Substitution Regime: The Experience of Bangladesh’
16. Sarath Rajapatirana (1988), ‘Foreign Trade and Economic Development: Sri Lanka’s Experience’
17. Donald R. Snodgrass (1974), ‘Sri Lanka’s Economic Development During Twenty-five Years of Independence’
PART III LIBERALIZATION AND ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT
18. Arvind Panagariya (1999), ‘Trade Policy in South Asia: Recent Liberalisation and Future Agenda’
19. I.M.D. Little (1996), ‘India’s Economic Reforms 1991–96’
20. Nirupam Bajpai and Jeffrey D. Sachs (1997), ‘India’s Economic Reforms: Some Lessons from East Asia’
21. Deepak Lal (1995), ‘India and China: Contrasts in Economic Liberalization?’
22. Prabhat Patnaik and C.P. Chandrasekhar (1998), ‘India: Dirigisme, Structural Adjustment, and the Radical Alternative’
23. Keith Griffin (1998), ‘Comment on "India: Dirigisme, Structural Adjustment, and the Radical Alternative"’
24. M. Ghaffar Chaudhry (1995), ‘Economic Liberalization of Pakistan’s Economy: Trends and Repercussions’
25. Pradumna B. Rana (1997), ‘Reforms in Bangladesh: A Comparative Assessment in Relation to Other South Asian Countries’
26. Mario I. Blejer and Gyorgy Szapary (1991), ‘The "Gulliver Effect" and the "Optimal Divergence" Approach to Trade Policies: The Case of Nepal’
27. Donald R. Snodgrass (1999), ‘The Economic Development of Sri Lanka: A Tale of Missed Opportunities’
PART IV THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DEVELOPMENT POLICY
28. Pranab Bardhan (1984/1998), ‘Epilogue: The Political Economy of Reform in India’
29. Vijay Joshi (1995), ‘Democracy and Development in India’
30. Gunnar Myrdal (1968), ‘Corruption – Its Causes and Effects’
31. George Rosen (1982), ‘Gandhian Economics: A Schumpeterian Perspective’
32. Fahimul Quadir (2000), ‘The Political Economy of Pro-market Reforms in Bangladesh: Regime Consolidation through Economic Liberalization?’
33. Mick Moore (1990), ‘Economic Liberalization versus Political Pluralism in Sri Lanka?’
34. David Dunham and Saman Kelegama (1997), ‘Does Leadership Matter in the Economic Reform Process? Liberalization and Governance in Sri Lanka, 1989–93’
35. George Rosen (1987), ‘Western Economists in South Asia: Some Afterthoughts on an Experience’
Name Index
Volume II
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to all three volumes appears in Volume I
PART I AGRICULTURE AND THE RURAL ECONOMY
1. Raisuddin Ahmed (1996), ‘Agricultural Market Reforms in South Asia’
2. S.K. Jayasuriya and R.T. Shand (1986), ‘Technical Change and Labor Absorption in Asian Agriculture: Some Emerging Trends’
3. B.H. Farmer (1979), ‘The “Green Revolution” in South Asian Ricefields: Environment and Production’
4. Ashok Gulati (1999), ‘Economic Reforms and the Rural Sector in India’
5. Mark W. Rosegrant and Robert E. Evenson (1993), ‘Agricultural Productivity Growth in Pakistan and India: A Comparative Analysis’
6. Mohammad Alauddin and Clem Tisdell (1995), ‘Labor Absorption and Agricultural Development: Bangladesh’s Experience and Predicament’
7. Gamani Corea (1973), ‘Economic Planning, the Green Revolution and the "Food Drive" in Ceylon’
8. David Dunham (1993), ‘Crop Diversification and Export Growth: Dynamics of Change in the Sri Lankan Peasant Sector’
PART II INDUSTRIALIZATION
9. Ian M.D. Little (1982), ‘Indian Industrialization Before 1945’
10. Anne O. Krueger (1975), ‘Industrial Development Policies in India’
11. Isher Judge Ahluwalia (1994), ‘The Role of Trade Policy in Indian Industrialization’
12. Ranadev Banerji and James Riedel (1980), ‘Industrial Employment Expansion under Alternative Trade Strategies: Case of India and Taiwan: 1950–1970’
13. Pravin Krishna and Devashish Mitra (1998), ‘Trade Liberalization, Market Discipline and Productivity Growth: New Evidence from India’
14. Deepak Nayyar (1994), ‘Industrial Development in India: Some Reflections on Growth and Stagnation’
15. Ashok V. Desai (1980), ‘The Origin and Direction of Industrial R&D in India’
16. Homi Katrak (1997), ‘Developing Countries’ Imports of Technology, In-house Technological Capabilities and Efforts: An Analysis of the Indian Experience’
17. Shahnaz Rauf (1994), ‘Structure of Large-scale Manufacturing Industries of Pakistan (1950–1988)’
18. A.R. Kemal (1993), ‘Why Do Small Firms Fail to Graduate to Medium and Large Firms in Pakistan?’
19. Masihur Rahman and Zaid Bakht (1997), ‘Constraints to Industrial Development: Recent Reforms and Future Directions’
20. Prema-chandra Athukorala and Sarath Rajapatirana (2000), ‘Liberalization and Industrial Transformation: Lessons from the Sri Lankan Experience’
PART III FINANCIAL FACTORS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
21. Kunal Sen and Rajendra R. Vaidya (1998), ‘India’
22. Savak S. Tarapore (1998), ‘An Indian Approach to Capital-Account Convertibility’
23. Norman Loayza and Rashmi Shankar (2000), ‘Private Saving in India’
24. Clive Bell (1990), ‘Interactions between Institutional and Informal Credit Agencies in Rural India’
25. Muhammad Yunus (1998), ‘Poverty Alleviation: Is Economics any Help? Lessons from the Grameen Bank Experience’
26. John Thornton and Sri Ram Poudyal (1990), ‘Money and Capital in Economic Development: A Test of the McKinnon Hypothesis for Nepal’
27. Deena Khatkhate (1982), ‘Anatomy of Financial Retardation in a Less Developed Country: The Case of Sri Lanka, 1951–1976’
28. Premachandra Athukorala and Sarath Rajapatirana (1993), ‘Liberalization of the Domestic Financial Market: Theoretical Issues with Evidence from Sri Lanka’
Name Index
Volume III
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to all three volumes appears in Volume I
PART I INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS: TRADE, AID AND INVESTMENT
1. T.N. Srinivasan (1998), ‘India’s Export Performance: A Comparative Analysis’
2. Sanjaya Lall (1999), ‘India’s Manufactured Exports: Comparative Structure and Prospects’
3. Prema-chandra Athukorala (2000), ‘Manufactured Exports and Terms of Trade of Developing Countries: Evidence from Sri Lanka’
4. John W. Mellor (1976), ‘The Legacy of Foreign Aid’
5. Narayan Khadka (2000), ‘U.S. Aid to Nepal in the Cold War Period: Lessons for the Future’
6. Sanjaya Lall (1993), ‘Foreign Direct Investment in South Asia’
7. Suma Athreye and Sandeep Kapur (2001), ‘Private Foreign Investment in India: Pain or Panacea?’
8. Stephen Guisinger (1997), ‘The Effects of the Foreign Direct Investment Liberalisation on Pakistan’
9. M. Yunus Ali (1999), ‘Economic Liberalisation and Growth in Bangladesh: The Role of Foreign Private Investment’
10. Ramesh Chitrakar and John Weiss (1995), ‘Foreign Investment in Nepal in the 1980s: A Cost Benefit Evaluation’
11. Premachandra Athukorala (1995), ‘Foreign Direct Investment and Manufacturing for Export in a New Exporting Country: The Case of Sri Lanka’
PART II POPULATION DYNAMICS AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
12. Mamta Murthi, Anne-Catherine Guio and Jean Drèze (1995), ‘Mortality, Fertility, and Gender Bias in India: A District-level Analysis’
13. John C. Caldwell, Barkat-e-Khuda, Bruce Caldwell, Indrani Pieris and Pat Caldwell (1999), ‘The Bangladesh Fertility Decline: An Interpretation’
14. C.M. Langford (1996), ‘Reasons for the Decline in Mortality in Sri Lanka Immediately After the Second World War: A Re-examination of the Evidence’
15. Ranjan Ray (2000), ‘Child Labor, Child Schooling, and Their Interaction with Adult Labor: Empirical Evidence for Peru and Pakistan’
16. Sanat Kumar Saha (1996), ‘Literacy and Development in South Asia’
17. Mahabub Hossain (1990), ‘Returns from Education in Rural Bangladesh’
18. Peter R. Moock and Joanne Leslie (1986), ‘Childhood Malnutrition and Schooling in the Terai Region of Nepal’
PART III POVERTY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
19. Jagdish N. Bhagwati (1988), ‘Poverty and Public Policy’
20. Kaushik Basu (1995), ‘The Elimination of Endemic Poverty in South Asia: Some Policy Options’
21. T.N. Srinivasan (2000), ‘Poverty and Undernutrition in South Asia’
22. Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen (1989), ‘China and India’
23. Martin Ravallion (2000), ‘Prices, Wages and Poverty in Rural India: What Lessons do the Time Series Data Hold for Policy?’
24. Stephen Guisinger and Norman L. Hicks (1978), ‘Long-term Trends in Income Distribution in Pakistan’
25. Gustav Ranis and Frances Stewart (1997), ‘Growth and Human Development: Pakistan in Comparative Perspective’
26. Akhter U. Ahmed, Haider A. Khan and Rajan K. Sampath (1991), ‘Poverty in Bangladesh: Measurement, Decomposition and Intertemporal Comparison’
27. Rizwanul Islam (1984), ‘Poverty and Income Distribution in Rural Nepal’
28. W.D. Lakshman (1975), ‘Economic Growth and Redistributive Justice As Policy Goals: A Study of the Recent Experience of Sri Lanka’
29. Surjit S. Bhalla (1988), ‘Is Sri Lanka an Exception? A Comparative Study of Living Standards’
30. Amartya Sen (1988), ‘Sri Lanka’s Achievements: How and When’
31. David Dunham and Sisira Jayasuriya (2000), ‘Equity, Growth and Insurrection: Liberalization and the Welfare Debate in Contemporary Sri Lanka’
Name Index
