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Sustainable Development and International Environmental Law
At the time of the 1972 Stockholm UN Conference on the Human Environment, the concept of sustainable development and the subject of international environmental law were virtually unknown. Since then, the importance of the subject has burgeoned, as has the number and complexity of the legal instruments that seek to address the threats posed to the planet by humankind. Deforestation, marine pollution, climate change, loss of biodiversity and similar concerns are now familiar – and still unresolved – problems. Together with an original introduction by the editor, this volume collects together for the first time a selection of key articles on the seminal issues of sustainable development and international environmental law, providing the reader with a solid understanding of the breadth and texture of the legal issues involved.
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Critical Acclaim
Contributors
Contents
More Information
At the time of the 1972 Stockholm UN Conference on the Human Environment, the concept of sustainable development and the subject of international environmental law were virtually unknown. Since then, the importance of the subject has burgeoned, as has the number and complexity of the legal instruments that seek to address the threats posed to the planet by humankind. Deforestation, marine pollution, climate change, loss of biodiversity and similar concerns are now familiar – and still unresolved – problems. Together with an original introduction by the editor, this volume collects together for the first time a selection of key articles on the seminal issues of sustainable development and international environmental law, providing the reader with a solid understanding of the breadth and texture of the legal issues involved.
Critical Acclaim
‘David Freestone has compiled a first-rate collection of classic essays that probe the profound effects that two ideas – “sustainable development” and “international environmental law” – have had upon the field of international law over the past forty years. This compendium serves as a timely reminder of our past, as we look to solve some of the most critical problems of our future.’
– Sean D. Murphy, George Washington University, US and U.N. International Law Commission
‘This is a thoughtful and inspiring collection, edited by one of the most respected and distinguished global experts of our field. The volume assembles some of the most important contributions to our world’s understanding of how international environmental law can foster sustainable development. As we search for ways that law and governance can contribute to this crucial agenda, this volume of seminal environmental law perspectives provides an extremely rich resource for scholars, jurists, and beyond.’
– Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Centre for International Sustainable Development Law and the University of Cambridge, UK
– Sean D. Murphy, George Washington University, US and U.N. International Law Commission
‘This is a thoughtful and inspiring collection, edited by one of the most respected and distinguished global experts of our field. The volume assembles some of the most important contributions to our world’s understanding of how international environmental law can foster sustainable development. As we search for ways that law and governance can contribute to this crucial agenda, this volume of seminal environmental law perspectives provides an extremely rich resource for scholars, jurists, and beyond.’
– Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Centre for International Sustainable Development Law and the University of Cambridge, UK
Contributors
39 articles, dating from 1973 to 2016
Contributors include: D. Bodansky, A. Boyle, E. Brown Weiss, I. Brownlie, J. Brunnee, D. Freestone, G. Handl, A. Kiss, G. Palmer, P. Sand, D. Shelton
Contributors include: D. Bodansky, A. Boyle, E. Brown Weiss, I. Brownlie, J. Brunnee, D. Freestone, G. Handl, A. Kiss, G. Palmer, P. Sand, D. Shelton
Contents
Contents:
Acknowledgements
Introduction David Freestone
PART I ORIGINS
1. Jutta Brunnée (2009), ‘The Stockholm Declaration and the Structure and Processes of International Environmental Law’, in Aldo Chircop, Ted L. McDorman and Susan J. Rolston (eds), The Future of Ocean Regime-Building: Essays in Tribute to Douglas M. Johnston, Part II, Leiden, the Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV, 41–62
2. Hans Christian Bugge (2008), ’1987–2007: “Our Common Future” Revisited’, in Hans Christian Bugge and Christina Voigt (eds), Sustainable Development in International and National Law: What did the Brundtland Report do to Legal Thinking and Legal Development, and Where can we go From Here?, Part I, Chapter I.I, Groningen, the Netherlands: Europa Law Publishing, 1, 3–21
3. Günther Handl (1995), ‘Sustainable Development: General Rules versus Specific Obligations’, in Winfried Lang (ed.), Sustainable Development and International Law, Part Two, Chapter 4, London, UK: Graham & Trotman Ltd, 35–43
4. David Freestone (1994), ‘The Road from Rio: International Environmental Law after the Earth Summit’, Journal of Environmental Law, 6 (2), January, 193–218
5. Alan Boyle and David Freestone (1999), ‘Introduction’, in International Law and Sustainable Development: Past Achievements and Future Challenges, Chapter 1, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 1–18
6. Davor Vidas, Jan Zalasiewicz and Mark Williams (2014), ‘What Is the Anthropocene – and Why Is It Relevant for International Law?’, Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 25 (1), 3–23
PART II LAW MAKING
7. Ian Brownlie (1973), ‘A Survey of International Customary Rules of Environmental Protection’, Natural Resources Journal, 13 (2), April, 179–89
8. Geoffrey Palmer (1992), ‘New Ways to Make International Environmental Law’, American Journal of International Law, 86 (2), April, 259–83
9. Daniel Bodansky (1995), ‘Customary (and Not So Customary) International Environmental Law’, Global Legal Studies Journal, Symposium: International Environmental Law and Agencies: The Next Generation, 3 (1), Fall, 105–19
10. A. E. Boyle (1999), ‘Some Reflections on the Relationship of Treaties and Soft Law’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 48 (4), October, 901–13
PART III PRINCIPLES
11. Edith Brown Weiss (1990), ‘Our Rights and Obligations to Future Generations for the Environment’, American Journal of International Law, 84 (1), January, 198–207
12. David Freestone (1991), ‘The Precautionary Principle’, in Robin Churchill and David Freestone (eds), International Law and Global Climate Change, Chapter 2, London, UK: Graham and Trotman Ltd, 21–39, references
13. Duncan French (2000), ‘Developing States and International Environmental Law: The Importance of Differentiated Responsibilities’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 49 (1), January, 35–60
PART IV INSTITUTIONS
14. Daniel C. Esty (1994), ‘The Case for a Global Environmental Organization’, in Peter B. Kenen (ed.), Managing the World Economy: Fifty Years After Bretton Woods, Part III, Chapter 7, Washington, DC, USA: Institute for International Economics, 287–309
15. Peter H. Sand (1999), ‘Carrots without Sticks? New Financial Mechanisms for Global Environmental Agreements’, Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 3, September, 363–88
PART V HUMAN RIGHTS
16. Dinah Shelton (1991), ‘Human Rights, Environmental Rights, and the Right to Environment’, Stanford Journal of International Law, 28, 103–38
17. Jane McAdam (2011), ‘Swimming against the Tide: Why a Climate Change Displacement Treaty is Not the Answer’, International Journal of Refugee Law, 23 (1), March, 2–27
18. Alan Boyle (2012), ‘Human Rights and the Environment: Where Next?’, European Journal of International Law, 23 (3), August, 613–42
19. Dinah Shelton (2015), ‘Whiplash and Backlash – Reflections on a Human Rights Approach to Environmental Protection’, Santa Clara Journal of International Law, 13 (1), 11–29
PART VI CONSERVATION OF NATURE
20. Cyril De Klemm (1989), ‘Migratory Species in International Law’, Natural Resources Journal, 29 (4), Fall, 935–78
21. Daniel M. Bodansky (1995), ‘International Law and the Protection of Biological Diversity’, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 28, 623–34
22. Elisa Morgera and Elsa Tsioumani (2010), ‘Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow: Looking Afresh at the Convention on Biological Diversity’, Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 21 (1), 3–40
23. Peter H. Sand (2013), ‘Enforcing CITES: The Rise and Fall of Trade Sanctions’, Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law, Special Issue: Focus on CITES+40, 22 (3), November, 251–63
PART VII ATMOSPHERE
24. David D. Caron (1991), ‘Protection of the Stratospheric Ozone Layer and the Structure of International Environmental Lawmaking’, Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 14, 755–80
25. F. Sherwood Rowland (2001), ‘Atmospheric Changes Caused by Human Activities: From Science to Regulation’, Ecology Law Quarterly, 27 (4), January, 1261–93
26. David Freestone (2016), ‘The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – The Basis for the Climate Change Regime’, in Cinnamon P. Carlane, Kevin R. Gray and Richard Tarasofsky (eds), The Oxford Handbook of International Climate Change Law, Part II, Chapter 5, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 97–119
27. Daniel Bodansky (2016), ‘The Legal Character of the Paris Agreement’, Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law, Special Issue: The Paris Agreement, 25 (2), July, 142–50
PART VIII OCEANS
28. Alan E. Boyle (1985), ‘Marine Pollution under the Law of the Sea Convention’, American Journal of International Law, 79 (2), April, 347–72
29. David Freestone and Zen Makuch (1996), ‘The New International Environmental Law of Fisheries: The 1995 United Nations Straddling Stocks Agreement’, Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 7 (1), 3–51
30. Ellen Hey (2011), ‘The Interplay between Multilateral Environmental and Fisheries Law: A Struggle to Sustainably Regulate Economic Activity – Including A Case Study of The North Sea’, Japanese Yearbook of International Law, 54, 190–217
31. Kristina M. Gjerde (2012), ‘Challenges to Protecting the Marine Environment beyond National Jurisdiction’, International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 27 (4), 839–47
PART IX HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
32. Alexandre Kiss (1991), ‘The International Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste’, Texas International Law Journal, 26, 521–39
33. Noelle Eckley Selin and Henrik Selin (2006), ‘Global Politics of Mercury Pollution: The Need for Multi-Scale Governance’, Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 15 (3), November, 258–69
PART X SPECIFIC REGIMES
34. Steve Charnovitz (2007), ‘The WTO’s Environmental Progress’, Journal of International Economic Law, 10 (3), September, 685–706
35. Gregory Rose and Ben Milligan (2009), ‘Law for the Management of Antarctic Marine Living Resources: From Normative Conflicts towards Integrated Governance?’, Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 20 (1), 41–87
36. Ben Boer and Ian Hannam (2015), ‘Developing a Global Soil Regime’, International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, Special Edition: Soil Governance, 1, 1–13
37. Salman M. A. Salman (2015), ‘Entry into Force of the UN Watercourses Convention: Why Should it Matter?’, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 31 (1), 4–16
PART XI COMPLIANCE AND JUDICIAL SETTLEMENT
38. Günther Handl (1997), ‘Compliance Control Mechanisms and International Environmental Obligations’, Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 5, Spring, 29–49
39. Alan Boyle and James Harrison (2013), ‘Judicial Settlement of International Environmental Disputes: Current Problems’, Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 4 (2), July, 245–76
Index
Acknowledgements
Introduction David Freestone
PART I ORIGINS
1. Jutta Brunnée (2009), ‘The Stockholm Declaration and the Structure and Processes of International Environmental Law’, in Aldo Chircop, Ted L. McDorman and Susan J. Rolston (eds), The Future of Ocean Regime-Building: Essays in Tribute to Douglas M. Johnston, Part II, Leiden, the Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV, 41–62
2. Hans Christian Bugge (2008), ’1987–2007: “Our Common Future” Revisited’, in Hans Christian Bugge and Christina Voigt (eds), Sustainable Development in International and National Law: What did the Brundtland Report do to Legal Thinking and Legal Development, and Where can we go From Here?, Part I, Chapter I.I, Groningen, the Netherlands: Europa Law Publishing, 1, 3–21
3. Günther Handl (1995), ‘Sustainable Development: General Rules versus Specific Obligations’, in Winfried Lang (ed.), Sustainable Development and International Law, Part Two, Chapter 4, London, UK: Graham & Trotman Ltd, 35–43
4. David Freestone (1994), ‘The Road from Rio: International Environmental Law after the Earth Summit’, Journal of Environmental Law, 6 (2), January, 193–218
5. Alan Boyle and David Freestone (1999), ‘Introduction’, in International Law and Sustainable Development: Past Achievements and Future Challenges, Chapter 1, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 1–18
6. Davor Vidas, Jan Zalasiewicz and Mark Williams (2014), ‘What Is the Anthropocene – and Why Is It Relevant for International Law?’, Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 25 (1), 3–23
PART II LAW MAKING
7. Ian Brownlie (1973), ‘A Survey of International Customary Rules of Environmental Protection’, Natural Resources Journal, 13 (2), April, 179–89
8. Geoffrey Palmer (1992), ‘New Ways to Make International Environmental Law’, American Journal of International Law, 86 (2), April, 259–83
9. Daniel Bodansky (1995), ‘Customary (and Not So Customary) International Environmental Law’, Global Legal Studies Journal, Symposium: International Environmental Law and Agencies: The Next Generation, 3 (1), Fall, 105–19
10. A. E. Boyle (1999), ‘Some Reflections on the Relationship of Treaties and Soft Law’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 48 (4), October, 901–13
PART III PRINCIPLES
11. Edith Brown Weiss (1990), ‘Our Rights and Obligations to Future Generations for the Environment’, American Journal of International Law, 84 (1), January, 198–207
12. David Freestone (1991), ‘The Precautionary Principle’, in Robin Churchill and David Freestone (eds), International Law and Global Climate Change, Chapter 2, London, UK: Graham and Trotman Ltd, 21–39, references
13. Duncan French (2000), ‘Developing States and International Environmental Law: The Importance of Differentiated Responsibilities’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 49 (1), January, 35–60
PART IV INSTITUTIONS
14. Daniel C. Esty (1994), ‘The Case for a Global Environmental Organization’, in Peter B. Kenen (ed.), Managing the World Economy: Fifty Years After Bretton Woods, Part III, Chapter 7, Washington, DC, USA: Institute for International Economics, 287–309
15. Peter H. Sand (1999), ‘Carrots without Sticks? New Financial Mechanisms for Global Environmental Agreements’, Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 3, September, 363–88
PART V HUMAN RIGHTS
16. Dinah Shelton (1991), ‘Human Rights, Environmental Rights, and the Right to Environment’, Stanford Journal of International Law, 28, 103–38
17. Jane McAdam (2011), ‘Swimming against the Tide: Why a Climate Change Displacement Treaty is Not the Answer’, International Journal of Refugee Law, 23 (1), March, 2–27
18. Alan Boyle (2012), ‘Human Rights and the Environment: Where Next?’, European Journal of International Law, 23 (3), August, 613–42
19. Dinah Shelton (2015), ‘Whiplash and Backlash – Reflections on a Human Rights Approach to Environmental Protection’, Santa Clara Journal of International Law, 13 (1), 11–29
PART VI CONSERVATION OF NATURE
20. Cyril De Klemm (1989), ‘Migratory Species in International Law’, Natural Resources Journal, 29 (4), Fall, 935–78
21. Daniel M. Bodansky (1995), ‘International Law and the Protection of Biological Diversity’, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 28, 623–34
22. Elisa Morgera and Elsa Tsioumani (2010), ‘Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow: Looking Afresh at the Convention on Biological Diversity’, Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 21 (1), 3–40
23. Peter H. Sand (2013), ‘Enforcing CITES: The Rise and Fall of Trade Sanctions’, Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law, Special Issue: Focus on CITES+40, 22 (3), November, 251–63
PART VII ATMOSPHERE
24. David D. Caron (1991), ‘Protection of the Stratospheric Ozone Layer and the Structure of International Environmental Lawmaking’, Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 14, 755–80
25. F. Sherwood Rowland (2001), ‘Atmospheric Changes Caused by Human Activities: From Science to Regulation’, Ecology Law Quarterly, 27 (4), January, 1261–93
26. David Freestone (2016), ‘The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – The Basis for the Climate Change Regime’, in Cinnamon P. Carlane, Kevin R. Gray and Richard Tarasofsky (eds), The Oxford Handbook of International Climate Change Law, Part II, Chapter 5, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 97–119
27. Daniel Bodansky (2016), ‘The Legal Character of the Paris Agreement’, Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law, Special Issue: The Paris Agreement, 25 (2), July, 142–50
PART VIII OCEANS
28. Alan E. Boyle (1985), ‘Marine Pollution under the Law of the Sea Convention’, American Journal of International Law, 79 (2), April, 347–72
29. David Freestone and Zen Makuch (1996), ‘The New International Environmental Law of Fisheries: The 1995 United Nations Straddling Stocks Agreement’, Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 7 (1), 3–51
30. Ellen Hey (2011), ‘The Interplay between Multilateral Environmental and Fisheries Law: A Struggle to Sustainably Regulate Economic Activity – Including A Case Study of The North Sea’, Japanese Yearbook of International Law, 54, 190–217
31. Kristina M. Gjerde (2012), ‘Challenges to Protecting the Marine Environment beyond National Jurisdiction’, International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 27 (4), 839–47
PART IX HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
32. Alexandre Kiss (1991), ‘The International Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste’, Texas International Law Journal, 26, 521–39
33. Noelle Eckley Selin and Henrik Selin (2006), ‘Global Politics of Mercury Pollution: The Need for Multi-Scale Governance’, Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 15 (3), November, 258–69
PART X SPECIFIC REGIMES
34. Steve Charnovitz (2007), ‘The WTO’s Environmental Progress’, Journal of International Economic Law, 10 (3), September, 685–706
35. Gregory Rose and Ben Milligan (2009), ‘Law for the Management of Antarctic Marine Living Resources: From Normative Conflicts towards Integrated Governance?’, Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 20 (1), 41–87
36. Ben Boer and Ian Hannam (2015), ‘Developing a Global Soil Regime’, International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, Special Edition: Soil Governance, 1, 1–13
37. Salman M. A. Salman (2015), ‘Entry into Force of the UN Watercourses Convention: Why Should it Matter?’, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 31 (1), 4–16
PART XI COMPLIANCE AND JUDICIAL SETTLEMENT
38. Günther Handl (1997), ‘Compliance Control Mechanisms and International Environmental Obligations’, Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 5, Spring, 29–49
39. Alan Boyle and James Harrison (2013), ‘Judicial Settlement of International Environmental Disputes: Current Problems’, Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 4 (2), July, 245–76
Index
