Hardback
Setting Priorities for HIV/AIDS Interventions
A Cost–Benefit Approach
9781847203311 Edward Elgar Publishing
HIV/AIDS is much too complex a phenomenon to be understood only by reference to common sense and ethical codes. This book presents the cost–benefit analysis (CBA) framework in a well-researched and accessible manner to ensure that the most important considerations are recognized and incorporated.
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Critical Acclaim
Contents
More Information
HIV/AIDS is much too complex a phenomenon to be understood only by reference to common sense and ethical codes. This book presents the cost–benefit analysis (CBA) framework in a well-researched and accessible manner to ensure that the most important considerations are recognized and incorporated.
This book argues that HIV/AIDS policies need to be evidence based and that CBA is the best way to assemble and summarize the evidence. The work explains why CBA is needed and highlights a number of myths, misinformation and counterintuitive results in the field, and critiques the Millennium Development Goals approach. It also presents HIV/AIDS as a hunger issue in sub-Saharan Africa and as a sexual transmission problem in the US. The roles of nutrition, income, education, religion, agricultural policy, concurrency and sexual networks are all examined. Robert Brent explains the main cost–benefit methods and applications, including threshold analysis, willingness to pay, cost minimization, cost-effectiveness, human capital theory and the value of a statistical life. Applications cover female education, possible vaccines, condoms, and various forms of treatment. He concludes by explaining how CBA incorporates social considerations such as equity.
With timely and controversial discussions, this book will be read with interest by AIDS activists, NGO members, policy-makers and public officials, as well as being accessible to non-economists interested in the subject of HIV/AIDS.
This book argues that HIV/AIDS policies need to be evidence based and that CBA is the best way to assemble and summarize the evidence. The work explains why CBA is needed and highlights a number of myths, misinformation and counterintuitive results in the field, and critiques the Millennium Development Goals approach. It also presents HIV/AIDS as a hunger issue in sub-Saharan Africa and as a sexual transmission problem in the US. The roles of nutrition, income, education, religion, agricultural policy, concurrency and sexual networks are all examined. Robert Brent explains the main cost–benefit methods and applications, including threshold analysis, willingness to pay, cost minimization, cost-effectiveness, human capital theory and the value of a statistical life. Applications cover female education, possible vaccines, condoms, and various forms of treatment. He concludes by explaining how CBA incorporates social considerations such as equity.
With timely and controversial discussions, this book will be read with interest by AIDS activists, NGO members, policy-makers and public officials, as well as being accessible to non-economists interested in the subject of HIV/AIDS.
Critical Acclaim
‘Professor Brent’s book is a superlative addition to the HIV/AIDS policy literature. Both non-specialists and specialists in policy evaluation will benefit from the lucid exposition of cost–benefit analysis (CBA) methods applied to the most critical and far-reaching problem that challenges social institutions and individual behavior. Essentially, Professor Brent has taken his vast experience in cost–benefit analysis, and on the ground African research, to apply CBA in a compelling and insightful manner. This book re-examines HIV/AIDS policy in Sub-Saharan countries where the devastation is an infection tsunami. . . Finding what actually works may be difficult, but Professor Brent argues persuasively that using a CBA framework is the best approach.’
– William S. Cartwright, George Mason University, US
– William S. Cartwright, George Mason University, US
Contents
Contents:
Preface
PART I: WHY COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS IS NEEDED TO SET HIV/AIDS PRIORITIES
1. Introduction to the Book
2. Why Not Just Simply do What is Right and Try to Save Lives?
3. Myths and Misinformation
4. Counterintuitive Results
5. What is Wrong with Setting any Targets?
6. What is Wrong with Setting the Particular MDG Targets?
7. Cost–Benefit Analysis 101
8. Cost–Benefit Analysis 201
PART II: HIV/AIDS AS A HUNGER AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ISSUE
9. Introduction to Part II
10. HIV and Hunger
11. Nutrition and HIV at the Individual Level
12. Nutrition and HIV at the Country Level
13. Income as a Factor Raising HIV Rates
14. Education as a Factor Raising HIV Rates
15. Islam as a Factor Lowering HIV Rates
16. Impact of HIV on Agricultural Households
17. Agricultural Policy and HIV Interventions
18. Sex and HIV I: The Role of Transmission
19. Sex and HIV II: The Role of Concurrency
20. Sex and HIV III: The Role of Networks
PART III: COST–BENEFIT METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
21. Introduction to Part III
22. Threshold Analysis Theory
23. Threshold Analysis Practice: The Effectiveness of HIV Education
24. Threshold Analysis Practice: The Benefits of Avoiding HIV
25. Threshold Analysis Practice: The Costs of a Possible HIV/AIDS Vaccine
26. Willingness to Pay Theory
27. Willingness to Pay Practice: The Benefits of Condoms
28. Cost Minimization Theory
29. Cost Minimization Practice: The Costs of Treating TB
30. Cost-Effectiveness Theory
31. Cost-Effectiveness Practice: The Benefits of ARVs
32. Human Capital Theory
33. Human Capital Practice: The Benefits of Female Primary Education
34. Value of a Statistical Life Theory
35. Value of a Statistical Life Practice: The Benefits of VCT
PART IV: SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CBA
36. Introduction to IV
37. Commodification: Everything is Seen as a Commodity to be Bought and Sold
38. What is So “Social” About CBA? Fundamentals of CBA
39. Social and Private Perspectives in CBA
40. CBA and Equity I: Allowing for Ability to Pay
41. CBA and Equity II: Allocating by Time and Other Non-Price Methods
42. Conclusions I: How Not to Set Priorities for HIV
43. Conclusions II: Using CBA to Set Priorities for HIV
References
Index
Preface
PART I: WHY COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS IS NEEDED TO SET HIV/AIDS PRIORITIES
1. Introduction to the Book
2. Why Not Just Simply do What is Right and Try to Save Lives?
3. Myths and Misinformation
4. Counterintuitive Results
5. What is Wrong with Setting any Targets?
6. What is Wrong with Setting the Particular MDG Targets?
7. Cost–Benefit Analysis 101
8. Cost–Benefit Analysis 201
PART II: HIV/AIDS AS A HUNGER AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ISSUE
9. Introduction to Part II
10. HIV and Hunger
11. Nutrition and HIV at the Individual Level
12. Nutrition and HIV at the Country Level
13. Income as a Factor Raising HIV Rates
14. Education as a Factor Raising HIV Rates
15. Islam as a Factor Lowering HIV Rates
16. Impact of HIV on Agricultural Households
17. Agricultural Policy and HIV Interventions
18. Sex and HIV I: The Role of Transmission
19. Sex and HIV II: The Role of Concurrency
20. Sex and HIV III: The Role of Networks
PART III: COST–BENEFIT METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
21. Introduction to Part III
22. Threshold Analysis Theory
23. Threshold Analysis Practice: The Effectiveness of HIV Education
24. Threshold Analysis Practice: The Benefits of Avoiding HIV
25. Threshold Analysis Practice: The Costs of a Possible HIV/AIDS Vaccine
26. Willingness to Pay Theory
27. Willingness to Pay Practice: The Benefits of Condoms
28. Cost Minimization Theory
29. Cost Minimization Practice: The Costs of Treating TB
30. Cost-Effectiveness Theory
31. Cost-Effectiveness Practice: The Benefits of ARVs
32. Human Capital Theory
33. Human Capital Practice: The Benefits of Female Primary Education
34. Value of a Statistical Life Theory
35. Value of a Statistical Life Practice: The Benefits of VCT
PART IV: SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CBA
36. Introduction to IV
37. Commodification: Everything is Seen as a Commodity to be Bought and Sold
38. What is So “Social” About CBA? Fundamentals of CBA
39. Social and Private Perspectives in CBA
40. CBA and Equity I: Allowing for Ability to Pay
41. CBA and Equity II: Allocating by Time and Other Non-Price Methods
42. Conclusions I: How Not to Set Priorities for HIV
43. Conclusions II: Using CBA to Set Priorities for HIV
References
Index
