Handbook of Innovation Indicators and Measurement

‘”To measure is to know”. There is probably no other area than innovation where this saying seems appropriate. Or where similar sayings, such as “if you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it” or “what gets measured gets done” have a particular relevance to public policy. From improving the industrial competitiveness of a country or region to responding to old and new social and environmental challenges, in practically all countries of the world, innovation policy has emerged over the last decades as a crucial policy area. Fred Gault, the international expert in the field of innovation statistics and indicators, and his expert colleagues, Anthony Arundel and Erika Kraemer-Mbula, provide, in this second edition of the Handbook of Innovation Indicators and Measurement, an essential update and revision of the progress made in the way we look in a quantitative way at innovation. Much has indeed changed over the last ten years. This book provides an invaluable addition to our knowledge of the ubiquitous nature of innovation.
– Luc Soete, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands

‘This Handbook provides invaluable insights into the constantly broadening scope of innovation. Presenting debates on both innovation indicators and measurement, the book provides both detailed and comprehensive advice on the design, use and assessment of innovation measurement. A thought-provoking read for innovation researchers and practitioners.’
– Jari Kuusisto, University of Vaasa, Finland

‘Fred Gault is the dean of innovation indicators. The first edition of this Handbook of Innovation Indicators and Measurement, published in 2013, played a critical role in defining and synthesizing knowledge about the measurement of innovation. It became a mandatory source of information for anyone, or any government, hoping to measure, or establish useful indicators about, technological innovation. Now, Gault, with experts Anthony Arundel and Erika Kraemer-Mbula, the authority of the book on innovation and how to craft policy capable of promoting the invention of new technologies, offer their own insights, and gather together perspectives of other top experts from around the world. In this second edition the editors shine a brilliant light on how to measure innovation, but also how further to improve it.’
– Andrew W. Torrance, University of Kansas, US

‘Professors Gault, Arundel and Kraemer-Mbula have edited an excellent volume of pertinent and timely articles on indicators of innovation and the challenges of measurement. Their work, and that of their collaborators, is of particular significance as humanity is confronted by a multiplicity of interconnected and interdependent contradictions, crises and catastrophes resulting from at least two and a half centuries of combined, uneven and inequitable development in world systems. The need for creatively destroying our shared futures has never been more urgent and as well supported internationally. As we advance further into the 21st century of our common era, it is becoming increasingly apparent to all that the current structural and institutional models of development require urgent critique and transformation. The three editors together with their nearly 37 chapter authors have collated an important and useful guide to the measurement of creative destruction and have further engaged with some of the key challenges emanating from the praxis of innovation management and support. The book is organised in eight parts and 23 chapters. The book covers aspects of innovation policy that were often excluded by other mainstream analysis but that have especially grown in importance in the last two decades. I wholeheartedly endorse the book, and sincerely recommend it to all students, scholars and policy-workers involved in innovation studies as well as those seeking to better understand the contemporary conjuncture framed in the discourses of development.’
– Rasigan Maharajh, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa

Contributors: Abdrakhmanova Gulnara, Anthony Arundel, Claudia De Fuentes, Jeroen J. de Jong, Valentina De Marchi, E. Louise Earl, Sévérin Ekpe, Konstantin Fursov, Fred Gault, Stefanie Gesierich, Leonid Gokhberg, Hugo Hollanders, Kaye Husbands Fealing, Tomohiro Ijichi, Aubrey DeVeny Incorvaia, John E. Jankowski, René Kemp, Audry E. Kindlon, Jeff Kinder, Peter Knorringa, Almamy Konté, Erika Kraemer-Mbula, Edward Lorenz, Diana MacCallum, Frank Moulaert, Anne Jørgensen Nordli, Kieran O’Brien, Bettina Peters, Maria Alejandra Pineda-Escobar, Christian Rammer, Fernanda Reichert, Vitaliy Roud, Londa Schiebinger, R. Sandra Schillo, Pierre Schoonraad, Ekaterina Streltsova, Konstantin Vishnevskiy, Eric von Hippel, Timothy R. Wojan

Contents:

PART I WHY INDICATORS MATTER
1 Innovation indicators and measurement: an overview 2
Fred Gault

PART II DEFINITIONS
2 The Oslo Manual and standards 12
Fred Gault

PART III THE BUSINESS SECTOR AND THE OSLO MANUAL
3 Innovation measurement and policy in Japan: potentials of the general
definition of innovation for measurement from a systems approach viewpoint 19
Tomohiro Ijichi
4 Microbusiness innovation in the United States: making sense of the
largest and most variegated firm size class 31
John E. Jankowski, Timothy R. Wojan and Audrey E. Kindlon
5 Innovation panel surveys in Germany: the Mannheim Innovation Panel 54
Bettina Peters and Christian Rammer
6 Low-technology modes of innovation in the business sector: expanding
measurement perspectives 88
Fernanda Reichert and Kieran O’Brien
7 A taxonomy of innovation ‘profiles’ for innovative and non-innovative
firms: examples from the European Community Innovation Survey 111
Hugo Hollanders

PART IV BEYOND THE BUSINESS SECTOR
8 Household innovation: its nature, measurement, applications and outlook 136
Jeroen P.J. de Jong and Eric von Hippel
9 Measuring public sector innovation 158
Anthony Arundel and Pierre Schoonraad
10 Measuring environmental (eco-) innovation 177
René Kemp, Christian Rammer and Anthony Arundel
11 Assessing the impact of social innovation 197
Frank Moulaert and Diana MacCallum

PART V MEASUREMENT AND TECHNOLOGIES
12 Measuring the digital transformation 221
Leonid Gokhberg, Gulnara Abdrakhmanova, Ekaterina Streltsova and
Konstantin Vishnevskiy
13 Technology measurement in statistics and beyond: reviving
technological innovation concept 240
Leonid Gokhberg, Konstantin Fursov and Vitaliy Roud
14 Measuring frontier technology adoption in developing countries 260
Edward Lorenz and Erika Kraemer-Mbula
15 Gender and innovation: indicators and measurement gaps 278
Aubrey DeVeny Incorvaia, Kaye Husbands Fealing and Londa Schiebinger
16 Inclusive innovation and how it can be measured in developed and
developing countries 297
E. Louise Earl, Claudia De Fuentes, Jeff Kinder and R. Sandra Schillo
17 Hybrid innovation surveys: combining subject and object approaches to
innovation measurement 323
Anthony Arundel
18 Measuring the use of design thinking and co-creation for innovation 342
Anne Jørgensen Nordli and Stefanie Gesierich
19 Measuring innovation in the informal economy: current knowledge and
open issues 363
Erika Kraemer-Mbula
20 Advancing the measurement of frugal innovation 375
Maria Alejandra Pineda-Escobar, Valentina De Marchi and Peter Knorringa
21 A critical assessment of the European Innovation Scoreboard 391
Hugo Hollanders
22 Application of innovation measurement to policy: views from Africa 415
Almamy Konté and Sévérin Ekpe
23 Where are innovation indicators and measurement going? 432
Anthony Arundel, Erika Kraemer-Mbula and Fred Gault

Index