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Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics
The Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics is a landmark resource that offers a comprehensive overview of the ways in which technological development is reshaping politics. Providing an unparalleled starting point for research, it addresses all the major contemporary aspects of the field, comprising entries written by over 90 scholars from 33 different countries on 5 continents.
More Information
Critical Acclaim
Contributors
Contents
More Information
The Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics is a landmark resource that offers a comprehensive overview of the ways in which technological development is reshaping politics. Providing an unparalleled starting point for research, it addresses all the major contemporary aspects of the field.
Divided into five thematic parts, the Encyclopedia investigates the existing academic literature on the main subfields in this area, before introducing innovative digital research methods. It then highlights the pivotal political and non-political actors leading the process of technological innovation, clarifies key concepts and terms in the field, and finally covers emerging and debated topics.
This Encyclopedia will be particularly invaluable for early career researchers and advanced students in politics looking for a concise entry point into any of the various ways in which technology shapes the field. It will also be useful for practitioners to familiarise themselves with the analytical opportunities provided by computational social and political sciences.
Key Features:
• Entries written by over 90 scholars from 33 different countries on 5 continents
• Accessible starting point for research into the key literature, topics and debates in the field
• Introduces important new digital methods such as machine learning, text analysis and network analysis
• Defines and clarifies the meaning of contested terms such as disinformation, echo chambers and fake news
Divided into five thematic parts, the Encyclopedia investigates the existing academic literature on the main subfields in this area, before introducing innovative digital research methods. It then highlights the pivotal political and non-political actors leading the process of technological innovation, clarifies key concepts and terms in the field, and finally covers emerging and debated topics.
This Encyclopedia will be particularly invaluable for early career researchers and advanced students in politics looking for a concise entry point into any of the various ways in which technology shapes the field. It will also be useful for practitioners to familiarise themselves with the analytical opportunities provided by computational social and political sciences.
Key Features:
• Entries written by over 90 scholars from 33 different countries on 5 continents
• Accessible starting point for research into the key literature, topics and debates in the field
• Introduces important new digital methods such as machine learning, text analysis and network analysis
• Defines and clarifies the meaning of contested terms such as disinformation, echo chambers and fake news
Critical Acclaim
‘The book shoulders the work of a specialised Encyclopedia, but also refreshes the field by providing a diverse set of contributions to subject matters both established and emerging.’
– Richard Rogers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
– Richard Rogers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Contributors
Contributors: Joachim Åström, Irene Nonyelum Azogu, Lucia Bainotti, Mauro Barisione, Carlos Eduardo Barros, Stephanie Belland, Márton Bene, Andreas Birkbak, Amparo Blazquez-Soriano, Porismita Borah, Margherita Bordignon, Sophie Borwein, Michael Bossetta, Shelley Boulianne, Daniel Braby, Roberta Bracciale, Samantha Bradshaw, Bastiaan Bruinsma, Aleksandra Butneva, Alessandro Caliandro, Andreu Casero-Ripollés, Andrea Ceron, Luca Corchia, Emiliana De Blasio, Marco Deseriis, Anamaria Dutceac Segesten, Jakob-Moritz Eberl, Jana Laura Egelhofer, Andrea Ferrario, Fabio Franch, Alessandro Gandini, Robert W. Gehl, Theresa Gessler, Guido Giarelli, Fabio Giglietto, Giulia Giorgi, Yevgeniy Golovchenko, Tamara Grechanaya, Francesca Greco, Benjamin Guinaudeau, Max Halupka, Jörg Haßler, Amelie Henle, Edward Hurcombe, Kokil Jaidka, Olle Järv, Martin Karlsson, Kate Kenny, Ryan David Kiggins, Kathleen Kuehn, Mathieu Lavigne, Tobias Liebetrau, Michele Loi, Justin Longo, Melanie Magin, Kaushar Mahetaji, Ivan Manokha, Anu Masso, Eleonora Mattiacci, Peter Maurer, Dan Mercea, Linda Monsees, David Muchlinski, David B. Nieborg, Jason R.C. Nurse, Katherine Ognyanova, Janna Joceli Omena, Giovanni Pagano, Ilir Rama, Rosmery Ramos-Sandoval, Lorena Lucas Regattieri, Ludovic Rheault, Uta Russmann, Débora Salles, Marius Sältzer, Linn Sandberg, Rose Marie Santini, Camille J. Saucier, Gabriella Scaramuzzino, Siiri Silm, Maja Šimunjak, Marko M. Skoric, Gavin John Douglas Smith, Sergio Splendore, Birgit Stark, Christopher Starke, Daniel Stegmann, Yan Su, Nathan TeBlunthuis, Lidia Valera-Ordaz, Meghan Van Portfliet, Anastasia Veneti, Nathan Walter, Kohei Watanabe, Fatima Zahrah
Contents
Contents:
PART I SUBJECTS AND SUBFIELDS
Agenda-setting research in the age of social media 2
Porismita Borah and Yan Su
Clicktivism, slacktivism and connective action 5
Max Halupka
Cybersecurity 9
Tobias Liebetrau and Linda Monsees
Digitally networked protests 14
Dan Mercea
E-campaigning and elections 17
Jörg Haßler
E-democracy 21
Emiliana De Blasio
Electoral predictions from social media data 25
Marko M. Skoric and Kokil Jaidka
Internet and political participation 29
Shelley Boulianne and Stephanie Belland
Nowcasting and forecasting with Big Data 34
Amparo Blazquez-Soriano and Rosmery Ramos-Sandoval
Populism and social media 37
Peter Maurer
Social media and autocracy 42
Tamara Grechanaya
Social media and political trust 46
Christopher Starke
Social media and public health 50
Francesca Greco and Guido Giarelli
Social media revolution versus normalization 54
Joachim Åström and Martin Karlsson
Social TV and second screen 59
Fabio Giglietto
Terrorism and online extremism 62
Fatima Zahrah and Jason R. C. Nurse
Violence, conflict, war and social media 67
Eleonora Mattiacci
PART II METHODS
Digital trace data analysis 73
Luca Corchia
Technicity-of-the-mediums 77
Janna Joceli Omena
Data collection: APIs and scraping 81
Marius Sältzer and Aleksandra Butneva
Audio as data 86
Ludovic Rheault and Sophie Borwein
Image as data and visual methods 90
Uta Russmann and Anastasia Veneti
Text as data 94
Kohei Watanabe
Scaling models in political science 98
Daniel Braby, Benjamin Guinaudeau and Marius Sältzer
Sentiment analysis and opinion mining 105
Francesca Greco
Topic models 108
Theresa Gessler
Mobile positioning data 111
Anu Masso, Siiri Silm and Olle Järv
Machine learning and deep learning 114
David Muchlinski
Qualitative methods 118
Lucia Bainotti
Digital ethnography 122
Alessandro Caliandro
Social network analysis 126
Katherine Ognyanova
PART III ACTORS
Activated public opinion 132
Andrea Ceron
Algorithm, machine learning and artificial intelligence 135
Andrea Ferrario and Michele Loi
Bots 139
Rose Marie Santini and Débora Salles
Digital advocacy 143
Gabriella Scaramuzzino
Digital parties 147
Linn Sandberg
Fact-checking 151
Camille J. Saucier and Nathan Walter
Hacktivists 155
Marco Deseriis
Hyperleaders 159
Roberta Bracciale
Political influencers 163
Andreu Casero-Ripollés
Social media analytics companies 167
Ivan Manokha
Trolls 171
Andreas Birkbak and Yevgeniy Golovchenko
Voting advice applications 176
Bastiaan Bruinsma
WikiLeaks and whistleblowers 180
Meghan Van Portfliet and Kate Kenny
PART IV CORE KEYWORDS
Big Data 186
Nathan TeBlunthuis
Censorship online 190
Tamara Grechanaya
Data journalism 192
Sergio Splendore
Deep Web and Dark Web 196
Robert W. Gehl
Digital public sphere 200
Lidia Valera-Ordaz
Disinformation 205
Margherita Bordignon and Giovanni Pagano
Echo chambers 210
Daniel Stegmann, Birgit Stark and Melanie Magin
Fake news 216
Jana Laura Egelhofer and Jakob-Moritz
Eberl
Filter bubbles 220
Daniel Stegmann, Melanie Magin and Birgit Stark
Hashtag politics 225
Janna Joceli Omena
Microtargeting 231
Mathieu Lavigne
Misinformation 235
Margherita Bordignon and Giovanni Pagano
(Non-)representativeness of social media data 239
Melanie Magin
Online political hostility 244
Linn Sandberg and Anamaria Dutceac Segesten
Open data 248
Irene Nonyelum Azogu and Justin Longo
Post-truth 253
Jakob-Moritz Eberl and Jana Laura Egelhofer
Viral political marketing 257
Márton Bene
Wisdom of crowds 262
Fabio Franch
PART V DEBATED AND EMERGING
TOPICS
Apps and politics 269
David B. Nieborg and Kaushar Mahetaji
Computational propaganda effects 273
Rose Marie Santini, Débora Salles, Lorena Lucas Regattieri and Carlos Eduardo Barros
Conspiracy theories on social media 277
Edward Hurcombe
Coordinated inauthentic behavior 280
Fabio Giglietto
Crypto-politics 283
Linda Monsees
Data doxa 287
Gavin John Douglas Smith
Digital movement of opinion 291
Mauro Barisione
Digital surveillance 294
Kathleen Kuehn
Election manipulation and interference 298
Amelie Henle and Samantha Bradshaw
Gamification in politics 304
Michael Bossetta
Meme politics 308
Giulia Giorgi and Ilir Rama
Online sources for journalism 313
Sergio Splendore
Platform labor and digital labor 317
Alessandro Gandini
Robots and politics 320
Ryan David Kiggins
Sentiment democracy 324
Andrea Ceron
Twiplomacy 327
Maja Šimunjak
Index 332
PART I SUBJECTS AND SUBFIELDS
Agenda-setting research in the age of social media 2
Porismita Borah and Yan Su
Clicktivism, slacktivism and connective action 5
Max Halupka
Cybersecurity 9
Tobias Liebetrau and Linda Monsees
Digitally networked protests 14
Dan Mercea
E-campaigning and elections 17
Jörg Haßler
E-democracy 21
Emiliana De Blasio
Electoral predictions from social media data 25
Marko M. Skoric and Kokil Jaidka
Internet and political participation 29
Shelley Boulianne and Stephanie Belland
Nowcasting and forecasting with Big Data 34
Amparo Blazquez-Soriano and Rosmery Ramos-Sandoval
Populism and social media 37
Peter Maurer
Social media and autocracy 42
Tamara Grechanaya
Social media and political trust 46
Christopher Starke
Social media and public health 50
Francesca Greco and Guido Giarelli
Social media revolution versus normalization 54
Joachim Åström and Martin Karlsson
Social TV and second screen 59
Fabio Giglietto
Terrorism and online extremism 62
Fatima Zahrah and Jason R. C. Nurse
Violence, conflict, war and social media 67
Eleonora Mattiacci
PART II METHODS
Digital trace data analysis 73
Luca Corchia
Technicity-of-the-mediums 77
Janna Joceli Omena
Data collection: APIs and scraping 81
Marius Sältzer and Aleksandra Butneva
Audio as data 86
Ludovic Rheault and Sophie Borwein
Image as data and visual methods 90
Uta Russmann and Anastasia Veneti
Text as data 94
Kohei Watanabe
Scaling models in political science 98
Daniel Braby, Benjamin Guinaudeau and Marius Sältzer
Sentiment analysis and opinion mining 105
Francesca Greco
Topic models 108
Theresa Gessler
Mobile positioning data 111
Anu Masso, Siiri Silm and Olle Järv
Machine learning and deep learning 114
David Muchlinski
Qualitative methods 118
Lucia Bainotti
Digital ethnography 122
Alessandro Caliandro
Social network analysis 126
Katherine Ognyanova
PART III ACTORS
Activated public opinion 132
Andrea Ceron
Algorithm, machine learning and artificial intelligence 135
Andrea Ferrario and Michele Loi
Bots 139
Rose Marie Santini and Débora Salles
Digital advocacy 143
Gabriella Scaramuzzino
Digital parties 147
Linn Sandberg
Fact-checking 151
Camille J. Saucier and Nathan Walter
Hacktivists 155
Marco Deseriis
Hyperleaders 159
Roberta Bracciale
Political influencers 163
Andreu Casero-Ripollés
Social media analytics companies 167
Ivan Manokha
Trolls 171
Andreas Birkbak and Yevgeniy Golovchenko
Voting advice applications 176
Bastiaan Bruinsma
WikiLeaks and whistleblowers 180
Meghan Van Portfliet and Kate Kenny
PART IV CORE KEYWORDS
Big Data 186
Nathan TeBlunthuis
Censorship online 190
Tamara Grechanaya
Data journalism 192
Sergio Splendore
Deep Web and Dark Web 196
Robert W. Gehl
Digital public sphere 200
Lidia Valera-Ordaz
Disinformation 205
Margherita Bordignon and Giovanni Pagano
Echo chambers 210
Daniel Stegmann, Birgit Stark and Melanie Magin
Fake news 216
Jana Laura Egelhofer and Jakob-Moritz
Eberl
Filter bubbles 220
Daniel Stegmann, Melanie Magin and Birgit Stark
Hashtag politics 225
Janna Joceli Omena
Microtargeting 231
Mathieu Lavigne
Misinformation 235
Margherita Bordignon and Giovanni Pagano
(Non-)representativeness of social media data 239
Melanie Magin
Online political hostility 244
Linn Sandberg and Anamaria Dutceac Segesten
Open data 248
Irene Nonyelum Azogu and Justin Longo
Post-truth 253
Jakob-Moritz Eberl and Jana Laura Egelhofer
Viral political marketing 257
Márton Bene
Wisdom of crowds 262
Fabio Franch
PART V DEBATED AND EMERGING
TOPICS
Apps and politics 269
David B. Nieborg and Kaushar Mahetaji
Computational propaganda effects 273
Rose Marie Santini, Débora Salles, Lorena Lucas Regattieri and Carlos Eduardo Barros
Conspiracy theories on social media 277
Edward Hurcombe
Coordinated inauthentic behavior 280
Fabio Giglietto
Crypto-politics 283
Linda Monsees
Data doxa 287
Gavin John Douglas Smith
Digital movement of opinion 291
Mauro Barisione
Digital surveillance 294
Kathleen Kuehn
Election manipulation and interference 298
Amelie Henle and Samantha Bradshaw
Gamification in politics 304
Michael Bossetta
Meme politics 308
Giulia Giorgi and Ilir Rama
Online sources for journalism 313
Sergio Splendore
Platform labor and digital labor 317
Alessandro Gandini
Robots and politics 320
Ryan David Kiggins
Sentiment democracy 324
Andrea Ceron
Twiplomacy 327
Maja Šimunjak
Index 332
