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Economic Theory and the Welfare State
This authoritative collection brings together 100 key articles on the subject of the welfare state selected by one of the world’s leading experts.
The first volume discusses the economic theory and related matters which underpin analysis of the welfare state. Volume II is about income transfers, especially social security benefits and poverty relief. Volume III looks at benefits in kind, particularly health care and education.
This important work provides an analytical background to the subject whilst illustrating the vast array of literature available. It will be invaluable to students and professionals alike.
The first volume discusses the economic theory and related matters which underpin analysis of the welfare state. Volume II is about income transfers, especially social security benefits and poverty relief. Volume III looks at benefits in kind, particularly health care and education.
This important work provides an analytical background to the subject whilst illustrating the vast array of literature available. It will be invaluable to students and professionals alike.
More Information
Contributors
Contents
More Information
This authoritative collection brings together 100 key articles on the subject of the welfare state selected by one of the world’s leading experts.
The first volume discusses the economic theory and related matters which underpin analysis of the welfare state. Volume II is about income transfers, especially social security benefits and poverty relief. Volume III looks at benefits in kind, particularly health care and education.
This important work provides an analytical background to the subject whilst illustrating the vast array of literature available. It will be invaluable to students and professionals alike.
The first volume discusses the economic theory and related matters which underpin analysis of the welfare state. Volume II is about income transfers, especially social security benefits and poverty relief. Volume III looks at benefits in kind, particularly health care and education.
This important work provides an analytical background to the subject whilst illustrating the vast array of literature available. It will be invaluable to students and professionals alike.
Contributors
100 articles, dating from 1938 to 1998
Contributors include: H. Aaron, G. Akerlof, T. Atkinson, M. Blaug, P. Diamond, H. Glennerster, J. Le Grand, A. Lindbeck, A. Sen, J. Stiglitz
Contributors include: H. Aaron, G. Akerlof, T. Atkinson, M. Blaug, P. Diamond, H. Glennerster, J. Le Grand, A. Lindbeck, A. Sen, J. Stiglitz
Contents
Contents
Volume I: Theory
Acknowledgements
Introduction Nicholas Barr
PART I SETTING THE SCENE
1. Howard Glennerster (1995), ‘The Life Cycle: Public or Private Concern?’
2. Gøsta Esping-Andersen (1996), excerpt from ‘After the Golden Age? Welfare State Dilemmas in a Global Economy’
3. Nicholas Barr (1992), ‘Economic Theory and the Welfare State: A Survey and Interpretation’
PART II POLITICAL AND ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES
4. Lionel Robbins (1938), ‘Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility: A Comment’
5. Amartya Sen (1970), ‘The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal’
6. Samuel Brittan (1995), ‘Choice and Utility’
7. Samuel Gorovitz (1975), ‘John Rawls: A Theory of Justice’
8. F.A. Hayek (1976), excerpt from ‘"Social" or Distributive Justice’
9. Julian Le Grand (1984), ‘Equity as an Economic Objective’
10. Amartya Sen (1984), ‘Ethical Issues in Income Distribution: National and International’
PART III ACHIEVING EFFICIENCY: THE ROLE OF MARKETS
A Market Success
11. Arthur M. Okun (1975), ‘The Case for the Market’
B Market Failure
12. Bruce C. Greenwald and Joseph E. Stiglitz (1986), ‘Externalities in Economies with Imperfect Information and Incomplete Markets’
13. Kenneth J. Arrow (1963), ‘Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care’
14. George A. Akerlof (1970), ‘The Market for "Lemons": Quality, Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism’
15. Mark V. Pauly (1974), ‘Overinsurance and Public Provision of Insurance: The Roles of Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection’
16. Michael Rothschild and Joseph Stiglitz (1976), ‘Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets: An Essay on the Economics of Imperfect Information’
17. Joseph E. Stiglitz (1983), ‘Risk, Incentives and Insurance: The Pure Theory of Moral Hazard’
18. Assar Lindbeck (1997), ‘Incentives and Social Norms in Household Behavior’
C Public Choice and Government Failure
19. Dennis C. Mueller (1997), ‘Public Choice in Perspective’
20. James M. Buchanan (1962), ‘The Relevance of Pareto Optimality’
21. Patrick Dunleavy (1985), ‘Bureaucrats, Budgets and the Growth of the State: Reconstructing an Instrumental Model’
22. Julian Le Grand (1991), ‘The Theory of Government Failure’
PART IV POVERTY AND INEQUALITY: CONCEPTUAL ISSUES
A Poverty
23. A.B. Atkinson (1989), ‘How Should We Measure Poverty? Some Conceptual Issues’
24. Amartya Sen (1976), ‘Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement’
25. Anthony F. Shorrocks (1995), ‘Revisiting the Sen Poverty Index’
26. A.B. Atkinson (1987), ‘On the Measurement of Poverty’
27. Meghnad Desai (1984), ‘A General Theory of Poverty? A Review Article’
B Income Inequality
28. Jan Pen (1971), ‘A Parade of Dwarfs (and a few Giants)’, excerpt from ‘Some Facts to be Explained’
29. Peter Wiles (1974), excerpt from ‘The Distribution of Wages per Earner and of Income per Head in the U.S.S.R.’
30. Arthur M. Okun (1975), ‘The Leaky-Bucket Experiment’ and ‘Inspecting the Leakages’
31. A.B. Atkinson (1980), ‘On the Measurement of Inequality’
C Other Dimensions of Inequality
32. Richard Vaughan (1988), ‘Distributional Aspects of the Life Cycle Theory of Saving’
33. Edwin Cannan (1928), ‘Inequality Between the Sexes’
34. P.F. Apps and R. Rees (1996), ‘Labour Supply, Household Production and Intra-family Welfare Distribution’
35. Jane Lewis (1992), ‘Gender and the Development of Welfare Regimes’
Name Index
Volume II: Income Transfers
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to all three volumes appears in Volume I
PART I CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING AND INSURANCE
A Social Insurance
1. A.B. Atkinson (1989), ‘Social Insurance and Income Maintenance’
2. Samuel Brittan (1995), ‘Basic Income and the Welfare State’
3. Jane Falkingham and John Hills (1995), ‘Redistribution Between People or Across the Life Cycle?’
B The Economics of Pensions
4. Paul A. Samuelson (1958), ‘An Exact Consumption-Loan Model of Interest With or Without the Social Contrivance of Money’
5. Henry Aaron (1966), ‘The Social Insurance Paradox’
6. Nicholas A. Barr (1979), ‘Myths My Grandpa Taught Me’
7. Lawrence H. Thompson (1998), ‘Overview and Summary’
8. P.A. Diamond (1977), ‘A Framework for Social Security Analysis’
C The Debate Over Pension Reform
9. Jonathan Gruber and David Wise (1998), ‘Social Security and Retirement: An International Comparison’
10. Zvi Bodie, Alan J. Marcus and Robert C. Merton (1988), ‘Defined Benefit versus Defined Contribution Pension Plans: What Are the Real Trade-offs?’
11. Peter A. Diamond (1998), ‘The Economics of Social Security Reform’
12. Henry J. Aaron and Robert D. Reischauer (1998), ‘The Case for Preserving Social Security: How Should It Be Done?’
13. Martin Feldstein (1996), ‘The Missing Piece in Policy Analysis: Social Security Reform’
14. Peter A. Diamond (1996), ‘An Economist’s Perspective’, excerpt from ‘Social Security Reform in Chile: Two Views’
PART II POVERTY RELIEF, DISTRIBUTION AND REDISTRIBUTION
A Targeting
15. Burton A. Weisbrod (1969), ‘Collective Action and the Distribution of Income: A Conceptual Approach’
16. George A. Akerlof (1978), ‘The Economics of "Tagging" as Applied to the Optimal Income Tax, Welfare Programs, and Manpower Planning’
17. Timothy Besley and Ravi Kanbur (1993), ‘The Principles of Targeting’
18. Nicholas Stern (1982), ‘Optimum Taxation with Errors in Administration’
19. Albert L. Nichols and Richard J. Zeckhauser (1982), ‘Targeting Transfers through Restrictions on Recipients’
B Measuring Income Poverty
20. Alan Gillie (1996), ‘The Origin of the Poverty Line’
21. Martin Ravallion (1996), ‘Issues in Measuring and Modelling Poverty’
22. Shubham Chaudhuri and Martin Ravallion (1994), ‘How Well Do Static Indicators Identify the Chronically Poor’
23. Peter Gottschalk (1997), ‘Inequality, Income Growth and Mobility: The Basic Facts’
24. W. Beckerman (1979), ‘The Impact of Income Maintenance Payments on Poverty in Britain, 1975’
C Measuring Inequality
25. A.B. Atkinson (1997), ‘Bringing Income Distribution in from the Cold’
26. A.B. Atkinson, Lee Rainwater and Tim Smeeding (1995), ‘Income Distribution in European Countries’
27. Peter Gottschalk and Timothy M. Smeeding (1997), ‘Cross-National Comparisons of Earnings and Income Inequality’
28. Edward N. Wolff (1996), ‘International Comparisons of Wealth Inequality’
D Charity
29. Robert Sugden (1982), ‘On the Economics of Philanthropy’
30. James Andreoni (1990), ‘Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm-glow Giving’
31. Richard M. Titmuss (1970), excerpt from ‘Who is My Stranger?’
32. Julian Le Grand (1997), ‘Afterword’
Name Index
Volume III: Benefits in Kind
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to all three volumes appears in Volume I
PART I HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE
A Health
1. Robert G. Evans (1996), ‘Health, Hierarchy and Hominids – Biological Correlates of the Socioeconomic Gradient in Health’
2. Richard Wilkinson (1996), ‘The Social Economy of Health’
3. Judith Shapiro (1995), ‘The Russian Mortality Crisis and Its Causes’
4. Julian Le Grand (1987), ‘Inequalities in Health: Some International Comparisons’
5. John Broome (1978), ‘Trying to Value a Life’
James M. Buchanan and Roger L. Faith (1979), ‘Trying Again to Value a Life’
M.W. Jones-Lee (1979), ‘Trying to Value a Life: Why Broome Does Not Sweep Clean’
Alan Williams (1979), ‘A Note on ‘Trying to Value a Life’’
John Broome (1979), ‘Trying to Value a Life: A Reply’
B The Economics of Health Care
6. Henry Aaron (1981), ‘Economic Aspects of the Role of Government in Health Care’
7. Julian Le Grand (1996), ‘Equity, Efficiency and Rationing of Health Care’
8. Robert G. Evans (1974), ‘Supplier-Induced Demand: Some Empirical Evidence and Implications’
C Allocating Health Care Resources Efficiently
9. Victor R. Fuchs (1996), ‘Economics, Values, and Health Care Reform’
10. Howard Glennerster and Julian Le Grand (1995), ‘The Development of Quasi-Markets in Welfare Provision in the United Kingdom’
11. Alan Williams (1985), ‘Economics of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting’
12. Bernie J. O’Brien, Martin J. Buxton and Brian A. Ferguson (1987), ‘Measuring the Effectiveness of Heart Transplant Programmes: Quality of Life Data and Their Relationship to Survival Analysis’
13. Michael Parsonage and Henry Neuburger (1992), ‘Discounting and Health Benefits’
D The Distribution of Health Care
14. A.J. Culyer and Adam Wagstaff (1993), ‘Equity and Equality in Health and Health Care’
15. Eddy van Doorslaer, Adam Wagstaff et al (1992), ‘Equity in the Delivery of Health Care: Some International Comparisons’
16. Adam Wagstaff, Eddy van Doorslaer et al (1992), ‘Equity in the Finance of Health Care: Some International Comparisons’
PART II EDUCATION
A The Economics of Education
17. Mark Blaug (1976), ‘The Empirical Status of Human Capital Theory: A Slightly Jaundiced Survey’
18. Mark Blaug (1985), ‘Where Are We Now in the Economics of Education?’
19. Joseph E. Stiglitz (1975), ‘The Theory of "Screening", Education, and the Distribution of Income’
B School Education
20. Mark Blaug (1984), ‘Education Vouchers – It All Depends on What You Mean’
21. Howard Glennerster (1991), ‘Quasi-markets for Education?’
22. Dennis Epple and Richard E. Romano (1998), ‘Competition Between Private and Public Schools, Vouchers, and Peer-Group Effects’
23. Eric A. Hanushek (1986), ‘The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public Schools’
24. Eric A. Hanushek (1996), ‘Measuring Investment in Education’
25. Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips (1998), ‘The Black-White Test Score Gap’
26. Claude S. Fischer, Michael Hout, Martín Sánchez Jankowski, Samuel R. Lucas, Ann Swidler and Kim Voss (1996), excerpts from ‘Why Inequality?’, and ‘Race, Ethnicity, and Intelligence’
C Financing Higher Education
27. Nicholas Barr (1998), ‘Higher Education in Australia and Britain: What Lessons?’
28. W. Lee Hansen and Burton A. Weisbrod (1969), ‘The Distribution of Costs and Direct Benefits of Public Higher Education: The Case of California’
29. Milton Friedman (1962), ‘The Role of Government in Education’
30. Howard Glennerster, Stephen Merrett and Gail Wilson (1968), ‘A Graduate Tax’
31. Nicholas Barr (1991), ‘Income-contingent Student Loans: An Idea Whose Time has Come’
32. Paul Grout (1983), ‘Education Finance and Imperfections in Information’
33. Bruce Chapman (1997), ‘Conceptual Issues and the Australian Experience with Income Contingent Charges for Higher Education’
Name Index
Volume I: Theory
Acknowledgements
Introduction Nicholas Barr
PART I SETTING THE SCENE
1. Howard Glennerster (1995), ‘The Life Cycle: Public or Private Concern?’
2. Gøsta Esping-Andersen (1996), excerpt from ‘After the Golden Age? Welfare State Dilemmas in a Global Economy’
3. Nicholas Barr (1992), ‘Economic Theory and the Welfare State: A Survey and Interpretation’
PART II POLITICAL AND ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES
4. Lionel Robbins (1938), ‘Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility: A Comment’
5. Amartya Sen (1970), ‘The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal’
6. Samuel Brittan (1995), ‘Choice and Utility’
7. Samuel Gorovitz (1975), ‘John Rawls: A Theory of Justice’
8. F.A. Hayek (1976), excerpt from ‘"Social" or Distributive Justice’
9. Julian Le Grand (1984), ‘Equity as an Economic Objective’
10. Amartya Sen (1984), ‘Ethical Issues in Income Distribution: National and International’
PART III ACHIEVING EFFICIENCY: THE ROLE OF MARKETS
A Market Success
11. Arthur M. Okun (1975), ‘The Case for the Market’
B Market Failure
12. Bruce C. Greenwald and Joseph E. Stiglitz (1986), ‘Externalities in Economies with Imperfect Information and Incomplete Markets’
13. Kenneth J. Arrow (1963), ‘Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care’
14. George A. Akerlof (1970), ‘The Market for "Lemons": Quality, Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism’
15. Mark V. Pauly (1974), ‘Overinsurance and Public Provision of Insurance: The Roles of Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection’
16. Michael Rothschild and Joseph Stiglitz (1976), ‘Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets: An Essay on the Economics of Imperfect Information’
17. Joseph E. Stiglitz (1983), ‘Risk, Incentives and Insurance: The Pure Theory of Moral Hazard’
18. Assar Lindbeck (1997), ‘Incentives and Social Norms in Household Behavior’
C Public Choice and Government Failure
19. Dennis C. Mueller (1997), ‘Public Choice in Perspective’
20. James M. Buchanan (1962), ‘The Relevance of Pareto Optimality’
21. Patrick Dunleavy (1985), ‘Bureaucrats, Budgets and the Growth of the State: Reconstructing an Instrumental Model’
22. Julian Le Grand (1991), ‘The Theory of Government Failure’
PART IV POVERTY AND INEQUALITY: CONCEPTUAL ISSUES
A Poverty
23. A.B. Atkinson (1989), ‘How Should We Measure Poverty? Some Conceptual Issues’
24. Amartya Sen (1976), ‘Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement’
25. Anthony F. Shorrocks (1995), ‘Revisiting the Sen Poverty Index’
26. A.B. Atkinson (1987), ‘On the Measurement of Poverty’
27. Meghnad Desai (1984), ‘A General Theory of Poverty? A Review Article’
B Income Inequality
28. Jan Pen (1971), ‘A Parade of Dwarfs (and a few Giants)’, excerpt from ‘Some Facts to be Explained’
29. Peter Wiles (1974), excerpt from ‘The Distribution of Wages per Earner and of Income per Head in the U.S.S.R.’
30. Arthur M. Okun (1975), ‘The Leaky-Bucket Experiment’ and ‘Inspecting the Leakages’
31. A.B. Atkinson (1980), ‘On the Measurement of Inequality’
C Other Dimensions of Inequality
32. Richard Vaughan (1988), ‘Distributional Aspects of the Life Cycle Theory of Saving’
33. Edwin Cannan (1928), ‘Inequality Between the Sexes’
34. P.F. Apps and R. Rees (1996), ‘Labour Supply, Household Production and Intra-family Welfare Distribution’
35. Jane Lewis (1992), ‘Gender and the Development of Welfare Regimes’
Name Index
Volume II: Income Transfers
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to all three volumes appears in Volume I
PART I CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING AND INSURANCE
A Social Insurance
1. A.B. Atkinson (1989), ‘Social Insurance and Income Maintenance’
2. Samuel Brittan (1995), ‘Basic Income and the Welfare State’
3. Jane Falkingham and John Hills (1995), ‘Redistribution Between People or Across the Life Cycle?’
B The Economics of Pensions
4. Paul A. Samuelson (1958), ‘An Exact Consumption-Loan Model of Interest With or Without the Social Contrivance of Money’
5. Henry Aaron (1966), ‘The Social Insurance Paradox’
6. Nicholas A. Barr (1979), ‘Myths My Grandpa Taught Me’
7. Lawrence H. Thompson (1998), ‘Overview and Summary’
8. P.A. Diamond (1977), ‘A Framework for Social Security Analysis’
C The Debate Over Pension Reform
9. Jonathan Gruber and David Wise (1998), ‘Social Security and Retirement: An International Comparison’
10. Zvi Bodie, Alan J. Marcus and Robert C. Merton (1988), ‘Defined Benefit versus Defined Contribution Pension Plans: What Are the Real Trade-offs?’
11. Peter A. Diamond (1998), ‘The Economics of Social Security Reform’
12. Henry J. Aaron and Robert D. Reischauer (1998), ‘The Case for Preserving Social Security: How Should It Be Done?’
13. Martin Feldstein (1996), ‘The Missing Piece in Policy Analysis: Social Security Reform’
14. Peter A. Diamond (1996), ‘An Economist’s Perspective’, excerpt from ‘Social Security Reform in Chile: Two Views’
PART II POVERTY RELIEF, DISTRIBUTION AND REDISTRIBUTION
A Targeting
15. Burton A. Weisbrod (1969), ‘Collective Action and the Distribution of Income: A Conceptual Approach’
16. George A. Akerlof (1978), ‘The Economics of "Tagging" as Applied to the Optimal Income Tax, Welfare Programs, and Manpower Planning’
17. Timothy Besley and Ravi Kanbur (1993), ‘The Principles of Targeting’
18. Nicholas Stern (1982), ‘Optimum Taxation with Errors in Administration’
19. Albert L. Nichols and Richard J. Zeckhauser (1982), ‘Targeting Transfers through Restrictions on Recipients’
B Measuring Income Poverty
20. Alan Gillie (1996), ‘The Origin of the Poverty Line’
21. Martin Ravallion (1996), ‘Issues in Measuring and Modelling Poverty’
22. Shubham Chaudhuri and Martin Ravallion (1994), ‘How Well Do Static Indicators Identify the Chronically Poor’
23. Peter Gottschalk (1997), ‘Inequality, Income Growth and Mobility: The Basic Facts’
24. W. Beckerman (1979), ‘The Impact of Income Maintenance Payments on Poverty in Britain, 1975’
C Measuring Inequality
25. A.B. Atkinson (1997), ‘Bringing Income Distribution in from the Cold’
26. A.B. Atkinson, Lee Rainwater and Tim Smeeding (1995), ‘Income Distribution in European Countries’
27. Peter Gottschalk and Timothy M. Smeeding (1997), ‘Cross-National Comparisons of Earnings and Income Inequality’
28. Edward N. Wolff (1996), ‘International Comparisons of Wealth Inequality’
D Charity
29. Robert Sugden (1982), ‘On the Economics of Philanthropy’
30. James Andreoni (1990), ‘Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm-glow Giving’
31. Richard M. Titmuss (1970), excerpt from ‘Who is My Stranger?’
32. Julian Le Grand (1997), ‘Afterword’
Name Index
Volume III: Benefits in Kind
Acknowledgements
An introduction by the editor to all three volumes appears in Volume I
PART I HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE
A Health
1. Robert G. Evans (1996), ‘Health, Hierarchy and Hominids – Biological Correlates of the Socioeconomic Gradient in Health’
2. Richard Wilkinson (1996), ‘The Social Economy of Health’
3. Judith Shapiro (1995), ‘The Russian Mortality Crisis and Its Causes’
4. Julian Le Grand (1987), ‘Inequalities in Health: Some International Comparisons’
5. John Broome (1978), ‘Trying to Value a Life’
James M. Buchanan and Roger L. Faith (1979), ‘Trying Again to Value a Life’
M.W. Jones-Lee (1979), ‘Trying to Value a Life: Why Broome Does Not Sweep Clean’
Alan Williams (1979), ‘A Note on ‘Trying to Value a Life’’
John Broome (1979), ‘Trying to Value a Life: A Reply’
B The Economics of Health Care
6. Henry Aaron (1981), ‘Economic Aspects of the Role of Government in Health Care’
7. Julian Le Grand (1996), ‘Equity, Efficiency and Rationing of Health Care’
8. Robert G. Evans (1974), ‘Supplier-Induced Demand: Some Empirical Evidence and Implications’
C Allocating Health Care Resources Efficiently
9. Victor R. Fuchs (1996), ‘Economics, Values, and Health Care Reform’
10. Howard Glennerster and Julian Le Grand (1995), ‘The Development of Quasi-Markets in Welfare Provision in the United Kingdom’
11. Alan Williams (1985), ‘Economics of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting’
12. Bernie J. O’Brien, Martin J. Buxton and Brian A. Ferguson (1987), ‘Measuring the Effectiveness of Heart Transplant Programmes: Quality of Life Data and Their Relationship to Survival Analysis’
13. Michael Parsonage and Henry Neuburger (1992), ‘Discounting and Health Benefits’
D The Distribution of Health Care
14. A.J. Culyer and Adam Wagstaff (1993), ‘Equity and Equality in Health and Health Care’
15. Eddy van Doorslaer, Adam Wagstaff et al (1992), ‘Equity in the Delivery of Health Care: Some International Comparisons’
16. Adam Wagstaff, Eddy van Doorslaer et al (1992), ‘Equity in the Finance of Health Care: Some International Comparisons’
PART II EDUCATION
A The Economics of Education
17. Mark Blaug (1976), ‘The Empirical Status of Human Capital Theory: A Slightly Jaundiced Survey’
18. Mark Blaug (1985), ‘Where Are We Now in the Economics of Education?’
19. Joseph E. Stiglitz (1975), ‘The Theory of "Screening", Education, and the Distribution of Income’
B School Education
20. Mark Blaug (1984), ‘Education Vouchers – It All Depends on What You Mean’
21. Howard Glennerster (1991), ‘Quasi-markets for Education?’
22. Dennis Epple and Richard E. Romano (1998), ‘Competition Between Private and Public Schools, Vouchers, and Peer-Group Effects’
23. Eric A. Hanushek (1986), ‘The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public Schools’
24. Eric A. Hanushek (1996), ‘Measuring Investment in Education’
25. Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips (1998), ‘The Black-White Test Score Gap’
26. Claude S. Fischer, Michael Hout, Martín Sánchez Jankowski, Samuel R. Lucas, Ann Swidler and Kim Voss (1996), excerpts from ‘Why Inequality?’, and ‘Race, Ethnicity, and Intelligence’
C Financing Higher Education
27. Nicholas Barr (1998), ‘Higher Education in Australia and Britain: What Lessons?’
28. W. Lee Hansen and Burton A. Weisbrod (1969), ‘The Distribution of Costs and Direct Benefits of Public Higher Education: The Case of California’
29. Milton Friedman (1962), ‘The Role of Government in Education’
30. Howard Glennerster, Stephen Merrett and Gail Wilson (1968), ‘A Graduate Tax’
31. Nicholas Barr (1991), ‘Income-contingent Student Loans: An Idea Whose Time has Come’
32. Paul Grout (1983), ‘Education Finance and Imperfections in Information’
33. Bruce Chapman (1997), ‘Conceptual Issues and the Australian Experience with Income Contingent Charges for Higher Education’
Name Index
